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Unraveling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality trends in Belgium between 2020–2022
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Unraveling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality trends in Belgium between 2020–2022
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Unraveling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality trends in Belgium between 2020–2022
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Journal Article
Unraveling the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality trends in Belgium between 2020–2022
2024
Overview
Background
Over the past four years, the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a profound impact on public health, including on mortality trends. This study investigates mortality patterns in Belgium by examining all-cause mortality, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality.
Methods
We retrieved all-cause mortality data from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2022, stratified by age group and sex. A linear mixed model, informed by all-cause mortality from 2009 to 2019, was used to predict non-pandemic all-cause mortality rates in 2020–2022 and estimate excess mortality. Further, we also analyzed trends in cause-specific and premature mortality.
Results
Different all-cause mortality patterns could be observed between the younger (<45 years) and older age groups. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was particularly evident among older age groups. The highest excess mortality occurred in 2020, while a reversal in this trend was evident in 2022. We observed a notable effect of COVID-19 on cause-specific and premature mortality patterns over the three-year period.
Conclusions
Despite a consistent decline in COVID-19 reported mortality over this three-year period, it remains imperative to meticulously monitor mortality trends in the years ahead.
