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RNase H2, mutated in Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome, resolves co-transcriptional R-loops to prevent DNA breaks and inflammation
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RNase H2, mutated in Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome, resolves co-transcriptional R-loops to prevent DNA breaks and inflammation
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Journal Article
RNase H2, mutated in Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome, resolves co-transcriptional R-loops to prevent DNA breaks and inflammation
2022
Overview
RNase H2 is a specialized enzyme that degrades RNA in RNA/DNA hybrids and deficiency of this enzyme causes a severe neuroinflammatory disease, Aicardi Goutières syndrome (AGS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying AGS is still unclear. Here, we show that RNase H2 is associated with a subset of genes, in a transcription-dependent manner where it interacts with RNA Polymerase II. RNase H2 depletion impairs transcription leading to accumulation of R-loops, structures that comprise RNA/DNA hybrids and a displaced DNA strand, mainly associated with short and intronless genes. Importantly, accumulated R-loops are processed by XPG and XPF endonucleases which leads to DNA damage and activation of the immune response, features associated with AGS. Consequently, we uncover a key role for RNase H2 in the transcription of human genes by maintaining R-loop homeostasis. Our results provide insight into the mechanistic contribution of R-loops to AGS pathogenesis.
RnaseH2 is mutated in severe neuro-inflammatory disorder Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome. Here the authors reveal that RNase H2 controls cellular R-loop homeostasis to promote transcription, genome integrity and prevent R-loop-associated inflammation.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
Subject
/ 13/106
/ 13/109
/ 13/89
/ 14
/ 14/63
/ 38
/ 38/15
/ 38/88
/ 45/90
/ Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System
/ Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
/ Cancer
/ DNA
/ Endoribonucleases - metabolism
/ Enzymes
/ Genes
/ Genomes
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Hybrids
/ Nervous System Malformations
/ R-Loop Structures - genetics
/ R-loops
/ Ribonuclease, Pancreatic - metabolism
/ RNA
/ Science
