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Association of TORCH Pathogens With Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Study From Pakistan
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Association of TORCH Pathogens With Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Study From Pakistan
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Journal Article
Association of TORCH Pathogens With Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss: A Prospective Study From Pakistan
2025
Overview
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TORCH infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus [CMV], and herpes simplex virus [HSV]) among pregnant women reported at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Hospital in Pakistan. The study was conducted at PIMS from May 2021 to September 2022. This prospective study analyzed 8000 samples submitted to the pathology laboratory for routine testing. The ELISA method was employed to detect immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 23.0). TORCH agent infections during pregnancy account for 19.82% of cases. T. gondii is responsible for 5.1% of complete abortions, 6.6% of incomplete abortions, 4.8% of missed abortions, and 2.8% of threatened abortions. Rubella is another pathogen that can lead to abortion in pregnant women, contributing to 7.8% of complete abortions, 19.7% of incomplete abortions, 5.7% of missed abortions, and 5.5% of threatened abortions. CMV and HSV are also implicated in abortion. CMV accounts for 6.2% of complete abortions, 9.1% of incomplete abortions, 4.8% of missed abortions, and 5.2% of threatened abortions. HSV plays a significant role in abortion as well, causing 4.2% of complete abortions, 7.1% of incomplete abortions, 1.5% of missed abortions, and 4.0% of threatened abortions. Data with a p value of less than 0.001 indicate strong statistical significance. The findings suggest that TORCH agents and abortion are significantly correlated, with TORCH agent infections being a major cause of abortion. Women aged 15–44 had 50 abortions per 1000 in poor nations like Pakistan. Religion keeps abortion‐related issues like TORCH agent infection quiet in Pakistan. This is the first detailed report of TORCH infection in Pakistan. Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus cause 19.3%, 38.7%, 25.3%, and 16.8% of abortions. Pakistan has an alarming rate of abortions, and immediate action is needed.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,Wiley
Subject
/ Abortion, Spontaneous - epidemiology
/ Abortion, Spontaneous - parasitology
/ Abortion, Spontaneous - virology
/ Adult
/ Cytomegalovirus - isolation & purification
/ Cytomegalovirus Infections - complications
/ Cytomegalovirus Infections - epidemiology
/ Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
/ Female
/ fetus
/ Herpes Simplex - complications
/ Herpes Simplex - epidemiology
/ Humans
/ IgG
/ IgM
/ Original
/ Pakistan
/ Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology
/ Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology
/ pregnant
/ Protozoa
/ Rubella
/ Rubella virus - isolation & purification
/ Toxoplasma - isolation & purification
/ Toxoplasmosis - complications
