Journal Article

Defense gene induction in tobacco by nitric oxide, cyclic GMP, and cyclic ADP-ribose

Klessig, D.F, Durner, J. (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ.), Wendehenne, D

1998

Overview

Reactive oxygen species are believed to perform multiple roles during plant defense and possibly as cellular signaling molecules. In animals, nitric oxide (NO) is an important redox-active signaling molecule. Here we show that infection of resistant, but not susceptible, tobacco with tobacco mosaic virus resulted in enhanced NO synthase (NOS) activity. Furthermore, administration of NO donors or recombinant mammalian NOS to tobacco plants or tobacco suspension cells triggered expression of the defense-related genes encoding pathogenesis-related 1 protein and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). These genes were also induced by cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic ADP-ribose, two molecules that can serve as second messengers for NO signaling in mammals. Consistent with cGMP levels. Furthermore, NO-induced activation of PAL was blocked by 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione and 1H-(1,2,4)-oxadizole[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one, two inhibitors of guanylate cyclase. Although 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione fully blocked PAL activation, inhibition by 1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiozole[4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one was not entirely complete, suggesting the existence of cGMP-independent, as well as cGMP-dependent, NO signaling. We conclude that several critical players of animal NO signaling are also operative in plants

• Publisher: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,National Acad Sciences,National Academy of Sciences,The National Academy of Sciences
• Subject: ACIDE SALICYLIQUE / ACIDO SALICILICO / ACTIVIDAD ENZIMATICA / ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE / AMONIO FENILALANINA LIASA / Animal cells / Animals / ARN MENSAJERO / ARN MESSAGER / Biological Sciences / CELL CULTURE / cell suspension culture / CELL SUSPENSIONS / CULTIVO DE CELULAS / CULTURE DE CELLULE / cyclic GMP / enzyme activity / ENZYMIC ACTIVITY / ESTER / ESTERES / ESTERS / EXPERIMENTACION IN VIVO / EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION / EXPERIMENTATION IN VIVO / EXPRESION GENICA / EXPRESSION DES GENES / GENE EXPRESSION / Genes / GENETIC REGULATION / GENETICA / GENETICS / GENETIQUE / GUANYLATE CYCLASE / IN VIVO EXPERIMENTATION / INFECCION EXPERIMENTAL / INFECTION EXPERIMENTALE / Infections / Leaves / LIASAS / LYASE / LYASES / MESSENGER RNA / NICOTIANA TABACUM / NITRIC OXIDE / NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE / NUCLEOTIDE / NUCLEOTIDES / NUCLEOTIDOS / OXIDO NITRICO / OXIDOREDUCTASES / OXIDORREDUCTASAS / OXYDE NITRIQUE / OXYDOREDUCTASE / OXYGENASES / PATHOGENESE / PATHOGENESIS / pathogenesis-related proteins / Pathogens / PATOGENESIS / PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE / Plant cells / Plants / PROTEINAS / PROTEINE / PROTEINS / RIBOSA / RIBOSE / salicylic acid / SALICYLIC ACIDS / Second messengers / Tobacco / TOBACCO MOSAIC TOBAMOVIRUS / Tobacco mosaic virus / TOBAMOVIRUS DEL MOSAICO DEL TABACO / TOBAMOVIRUS MOSAIQUE DU TABAC