Journal Article

F2RL3 Methylation as a Biomarker of Current and Lifetime Smoking Exposures

Breitling, Lutz P., Burwinkel, Barbara, Zhang, Yan, Yang, Rongxi, Brenner, Hermann

2014

Overview

Recent genome-wide DNA methylation studies have found a pronounced difference in methylation of the F2RL3 gene (also known as PAR-4) in blood DNA according to smoking exposure. Knowledge on the variation of F2RL3 methylation by various degrees of smoking exposure is still very sparse. We aimed to assess dose-response relationships of current and lifetime active smoking exposure with F2RL3 methylation. In a large population-based study, we quantified blood DNA methylation at F2RL3 for 3,588 participants using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Associations of smoking exposure with methylation intensity were examined by multiple linear regression, controlling for potential confounding factors and paying particular attention to dose-response patterns with respect to current and lifetime smoking exposure as well as time since cessation of smoking. F2RL3 methylation intensity showed a strong association with smoking status (p < 0.0001), which persisted after controlling for potential confounding factors. Clear inverse dose-response relationships with F2RL3 methylation intensity were seen for both current intensity and lifetime pack-years of smoking. Among former smokers, F2RL3 methylation intensity increased gradually from levels close to those of current smokers for recent quitters to levels close to never smokers for long-term (> 20 years) quitters. F2RL3 methylation is a promising biomarker for both current and long-term past tobacco exposure, and its predictive value for smoking-related diseases warrants further exploration.

• Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
• Subject: Active control / Age / Aged / Biological markers / Biomarkers / Biomarkers - metabolism / Blood / Cardiovascular disease / Cigarettes / Cohort Studies / Deoxyribonucleic acid / Diabetes / DNA / DNA Methylation / Drug dosages / Exposure / Family medical history / Genetic aspects / Genetic research / Genetic testing / Genomes / Germany - epidemiology / Health / Health aspects / Health risk assessment / Heart attacks / Humans / Ionization / Linear Models / Mass spectrometry / Methylation / Middle Aged / Mortality / Older people / Physiological aspects / Population / Population studies / Recall / Receptors, Thrombin - genetics / Receptors, Thrombin - metabolism / Smoking / Smoking - epidemiology / Smoking - metabolism / Sociodemographics / Software / Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Statistical analysis / Statistics, Nonparametric / Studies