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Untangling hidden nutrient dynamics: rapid ammonium cycling and single-cell ammonium assimilation in marine plankton communities
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Untangling hidden nutrient dynamics: rapid ammonium cycling and single-cell ammonium assimilation in marine plankton communities
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Journal Article
Untangling hidden nutrient dynamics: rapid ammonium cycling and single-cell ammonium assimilation in marine plankton communities
2019
Overview
Ammonium is a central nutrient in aquatic systems. Yet, cell-specific ammonium assimilation among diverse functional plankton is poorly documented in field communities. Combining stable-isotope incubations (
15
N-ammonium,
15
N
2
and
13
C-bicarbonate) with secondary-ion mass spectrometry, we quantified bulk ammonium dynamics, N
2
-fixation and carbon (C) fixation, as well as single-cell ammonium assimilation and C-fixation within plankton communities in nitrogen (N)-depleted surface waters during summer in the Baltic Sea. Ammonium production resulted from regenerated (≥91%) and new production (N
2
-fixation, ≤9%), supporting primary production by 78–97 and 2–16%, respectively. Ammonium was produced and consumed at balanced rates, and rapidly recycled within 1 h, as shown previously, facilitating an efficient ammonium transfer within plankton communities. N
2
-fixing cyanobacteria poorly assimilated ammonium, whereas heterotrophic bacteria and picocyanobacteria accounted for its highest consumption (~20 and ~20–40%, respectively). Surprisingly, ammonium assimilation and C-fixation were similarly fast for picocyanobacteria (non-N
2
-fixing
Synechococcus
) and large diatoms (
Chaetoceros
). Yet, the population biomass was high for
Synechococcus
but low for
Chaetoceros
. Hence, autotrophic picocyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria, with their high single-cell assimilation rates and dominating population biomass, competed for the same nutrient source and drove rapid ammonium dynamics in N-depleted marine waters.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Oxford University Press
Subject
/ 14/63
/ 704/172
/ 704/47
/ Ammonium
/ Ammonium Compounds - analysis
/ Ammonium Compounds - metabolism
/ Bacteria
/ Biomass
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cyanobacteria - classification
/ Ecology
/ Ecosystems and species history
/ Ekologi
/ Fixation
/ Fixing
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Nitrogen
/ Plankton
/ Seasons
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