Journal Article

Fecal microbiota composition is a better predictor of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection than clinical factors in a prospective, multicentre cohort study

van Beurden, Yvette H., Budding, Andries E., van Rossen, Tessel M., Mulder, Chris J.J., Bogaards, Johannes A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, Christina M.J.E.

2024

Overview

Introduction Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Fidaxomicin and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are effective, but expensive therapies to treat recurrent CDI (reCDI). Our objective was to develop a prediction model for reCDI based on the gut microbiota composition and clinical characteristics, to identify patients who could benefit from early treatment with fidaxomicin or FMT. Methods Multicentre, prospective, observational study in adult patients diagnosed with a primary episode of CDI. Fecal samples and clinical data were collected prior to, and after 5 days of CDI treatment. Follow-up duration was 8 weeks. Microbiota composition was analysed by IS-pro, a bacterial profiling technique based on phylum- and species-specific differences in the 16–23 S interspace regions of ribosomal DNA. Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) and adaptive group-regularized logistic ridge regression (AGRR) were used to construct prediction models for reCDI. Results 209 patients were included, of which 25% developed reCDI. Variables related to microbiota composition provided better prediction of reCDI and were preferentially selected over clinical factors in joint prediction models. Bacteroidetes abundance and diversity after start of CDI treatment, and the increase in Proteobacteria diversity relative to baseline, were the most robust predictors of reCDI. The sensitivity and specificity of a BART model including these factors were 95% and 78%, but these dropped to 67% and 62% in out-of-sample prediction. Conclusion Early microbiota response to CDI treatment is a better predictor of reCDI than clinical prognostic factors, but not yet sufficient enough to predict reCDI in daily practice.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Adult / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use / Antibiotics / Bayesian analysis / Care and treatment / Clostridioides difficile / Clostridioides difficile - genetics / Clostridium infections / Clostridium Infections - microbiology / Clostridium Infections - therapy / Composition / Diarrhea / Diseases / DNA fingerprinting / Fecal Microbiota Transplantation / Fecal microflora / Feces / Feces - microbiology / Female / Fidaxomicin / Fidaxomicin - therapeutic use / Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Health aspects / Hospitals / Humans / Infection / Infectious Diseases / Internal Medicine / Intestinal microflora / Laboratories / Male / Mathematical models / Medical Microbiology / Medical research / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Medicine, Experimental / Metronidazole / Microbiota / Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) / Microorganisms / Middle Aged / Observational studies / Ostomy / Parasitology / Patients / Prediction models / Prospective Studies / Recurrence / Recurrent infection / Regression analysis / Relapse / Ribosomal DNA / Risk factors / Taxonomy / Toxins / Tropical Medicine