Journal Article

Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) co-administered with an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine: A randomized, open-label, controlled study in healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years in China

Chuanfu, Yan, Xuan, Deng, Bo, Chen, Hangjie, Zhang, Gang, Zeng, Shenyu, Wang, Huakun, Lv, Qianhui, Zheng, Xiaoqian, Duan, Zeng, Wang, Zhenzhen, Liang, Juan, Yang

2022

Overview

•This is the first report of the co-administration of CoronaVac with IIV4 in adults aged 18–59 years.•The occurrence of adverse reactions (AR) in all groups was no more than 20% and 98.9% of the ARs were mild or moderate.•Both concomitant or separate administration of CoronaVac and IIV4 could induce sufficient immunogenicity.•A slight interference with the immune response to CoronaVac was observed in participants in C2 subgroup.•At least two doses of CoronaVac are needed to fulfill the primary immunization of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Studies are needed for evidence of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine co-administered with influenza vaccine. A randomized, open-label, controlled study was conducted in Zhejiang Province, China. Eligible healthy adults aged 18–59 years underwent randomization at a ratio of 1:1:2 to receive inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (IIV4) either concomitantly with the first (C1 subgroup) or the second (C2 subgroup) dose of CoronaVac, or 14 days after the first dose of CoronaVac (S group). The primary purpose of the study was to prove the non-inferiority in seroconversion rate of antibody against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 480 participants were enrolled, with 120, 120, and 240 randomly assigned to the C1, C2, and S groups, respectively. As lower bound of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference for the seroconversion rate of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was over −10%, the immune response for CoronaVac in the C group (93.1% [89.0, 96.0]) was non-inferior to that in the S group (95.2% [91.5, 97.6]) in the per-protocol set. A lower GMT of antibody against SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the C group as compared to the S group (27.5 vs. 38.1, P = 0.0001). Decrease of immune response to CoronaVac was mainly observed in participants received IIV4 concomitantly with their second dose of CoronaVac (C2 subgroup), with a seroconversion rate of 89.7% (95CI: 82.6%-94.5%) and a GMT of 23.3. The occurrences of vaccine related adverse reactions were no more than 20% and comparable among different groups. Most of the adverse reactions were mild and moderate. Co-administration of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine, especially the administration regimen that the seasonal influenza vaccine co-administered with the first dose of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, would be feasible.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Adult / Adults / Allergy and Immunology / Antibodies / Antibodies, Viral / Antigens / China / Clinical trials / Concomitant administration / confidence interval / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - prevention & control / COVID-19 infection / COVID-19 vaccine / COVID-19 vaccines / COVID-19 Vaccines - adverse effects / Deactivation / Disease transmission / Dosage / Double-Blind Method / Humans / Immune response / Immune system / Immunogenicity / Influenza / Influenza vaccine / influenza vaccines / Influenza Vaccines - adverse effects / Informed consent / Lower bounds / Randomization / Sample size / SARS-CoV-2 / Seroconversion / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Side effects / Subgroups / Vaccines / Vaccines, Combined / Vaccines, Inactivated / Viruses