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Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition, fluid status and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using bioimpedance spectroscopy
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Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition, fluid status and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using bioimpedance spectroscopy
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Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition, fluid status and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using bioimpedance spectroscopy
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Journal Article
Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition, fluid status and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using bioimpedance spectroscopy
2019
Overview
Background
SGLT2-inhibitors are potent antihyperglycemic drugs for patients with type 2 diabetes and have been shown to reduce body weight. However, it is unclear which body compartments are reduced and to what extent.
Methods
In this longitudinal observational study, we analyzed the body composition of 27 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the first week and up to 6 months after initiation of treatment with SGLT2-inhibitors (n = 18 empagliflozin, n = 9 dapagliflozin) using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BCM, Fresenius). Fluid status of hypertensive patients taking medication with hydrochlorothiazide (n = 14) and healthy persons (n = 16) were analyzed for comparison.
Results
At 6 months, HbA1c decreased by 0.8% (IQR 2.3; 0.4), body weight and BMI by 2.6 kg (1.5; 9.3) and 0.9 kg/m
2
(0.4; 3.3), respectively. Bioimpedance spectroscopy revealed significant decrease in adipose tissue mass and fat tissue index while lean tissue parameters remained stable. Overhydration (OH) and extracellular water (ECW) decreased by − 0.5 L/1.73 m
2
(− 0.1; − 0.9) and − 0.4 L/1.73 m
2
(− 0.1; − 0.8) at day 3, respectively, and returned to the initial value after 3 and 6 months. Plasma renin activity increased by 2.1-fold (0.5; 3.6) at 1 month and returned to the initial level at month 3 and 6. Fluid status of patients with SGLT2 inhibitors after 6 months showed no difference from that of hypertensive patients taking hydrochlorothiazide or healthy persons.
Conclusions
Body weight reduction under the treatment with SGLT2-inhibitors is caused by reduction of adipose tissue mass and transient loss of extracellular fluid, which is accompanied by upregulation of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). Permanent loss of extracellular water does not occur under SGLT2 inhibition.
Publisher
BioMed Central,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Aged
/ Benzhydryl Compounds - adverse effects
/ Benzhydryl Compounds - therapeutic use
/ Body Composition - drug effects
/ Diabetes
/ Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology
/ Female
/ Glucosides - adverse effects
/ Glucosides - therapeutic use
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Medicine
/ Patients
/ Renin
/ Renin-Angiotensin System - drug effects
/ Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - adverse effects
/ Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors - therapeutic use
/ Stroke
/ Studies
/ Urine
