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Brain glucose metabolism during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: insights from functional and metabolic neuroimaging studies
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Brain glucose metabolism during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: insights from functional and metabolic neuroimaging studies
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Journal Article
Brain glucose metabolism during hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: insights from functional and metabolic neuroimaging studies
2016
Overview
Hypoglycemia is the most frequent complication of insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Since the brain is reliant on circulating glucose as its main source of energy, hypoglycemia poses a threat for normal brain function. Paradoxically, although hypoglycemia commonly induces immediate decline in cognitive function, long-lasting changes in brain structure and cognitive function are uncommon in patients with type 1 diabetes. In fact, recurrent hypoglycemia initiates a process of habituation that suppresses hormonal responses to and impairs awareness of subsequent hypoglycemia, which has been attributed to adaptations in the brain. These observations sparked great scientific interest into the brain’s handling of glucose during (recurrent) hypoglycemia. Various neuroimaging techniques have been employed to study brain (glucose) metabolism, including PET, fMRI, MRS and ASL. This review discusses what is currently known about cerebral metabolism during hypoglycemia, and how findings obtained by functional and metabolic neuroimaging techniques contributed to this knowledge.
Publisher
Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Brain
/ central nervous system diseases
/ Diabetes
/ Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - metabolism
/ energy
/ Functional magnetic resonance imaging
/ Glucose
/ Humans
/ insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
/ Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods
/ Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - methods
/ patients
/ Positron-Emission Tomography - methods
/ Review
