Journal Article

Population structure and geographical segregation of Cryptosporidium parvum IId subtypes in cattle in China

Kváč, Martin, Zhao, Wentao, Feng, Yaoyu, Zhang, Longxian, Guo, Yaqiong, Zhang, Zhenjie, Hu, Suhui, Li, Na, Zheng, Zezhong, Xiao, Lihua

2020

Overview

Background Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic pathogen worldwide. Extensive genetic diversity and complex population structures exist in C. parvum in different geographical regions and hosts. Unlike the IIa subtype family, which is responsible for most zoonotic C. parvum infections in industrialized countries, IId is identified as the dominant subtype family in farm animals, rodents and humans in China. Thus far, the population genetic characteristics of IId subtypes in calves in China are not clear. Methods In the present study, 46 C. parvum isolates from dairy and beef cattle in six provinces and regions in China were characterized using sequence analysis of eight genetic loci, including msc6-7 , rpgr , msc6-5 , dz-hrgp , chom3t , hsp70 , mucin1 and gp60 . They belonged to three IId subtypes in the gp60 gene, including IIdA20G1 ( n = 17), IIdA19G1 ( n = 24) and IIdA15G1 ( n = 5). The data generated were analyzed for population genetic structures of C. parvum using DnaSP and LIAN and subpopulation structures using STRUCTURE, RAxML, Arlequin, GENALEX and Network. Results Seventeen multilocus genotypes were identified. The results of linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated the presence of an epidemic genetic structure in the C. parvum IId population. When isolates of various geographical areas were treated as individual subpopulations, maximum likelihood inference of phylogeny, pairwise genetic distance analysis, substructure analysis, principal components analysis and network analysis all provided evidence for geographical segregation of subpopulations in Heilongjiang, Hebei and Xinjiang. In contrast, isolates from Guangdong, Shanghai and Jiangsu were genetically similar to each other. Conclusions Data from the multilocus analysis have revealed a much higher genetic diversity of C. parvum than gp60 sequence analysis. Despite an epidemic population structure, there is an apparent geographical segregation in C. parvum subpopulations within China.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Analysis / Animals / Beef cattle / Biodiversity / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Calves / Cattle / Cattle Diseases - epidemiology / Cattle Diseases - parasitology / China / China - epidemiology / Cryptosporidiosis - epidemiology / Cryptosporidium / Cryptosporidium - genetics / Cryptosporidium - isolation & purification / Cryptosporidium parvum / Cryptosporidium parvum - genetics / Cryptosporidium parvum - isolation & purification / Data analysis / Entomology / Epidemic / Epidemics / farms / Gene loci / genes / Genes, Protozoan / Genetic analysis / Genetic distance / Genetic diversity / genetic similarity / Genetic structure / Genetic Variation / Genetics, Population / Genotype / Genotypes / Geographical segregation / Glycoproteins / Heat shock proteins / Hsp70 protein / Humans / Identification / industrialization / Infection / Infectious Diseases / Linkage analysis / Linkage disequilibrium / Livestock / Multilocus Sequence Typing / Network analysis / Parasitology / Pathogens / Phylogeny / Phylogeography / Polymorphism / Population genetics / Population structure / Principal components analysis / Proteins / Protozoa / Regions / Segregation / Sequence analysis / Sequencing / Software / Structures / Studies / Subpopulations / Substructures / Tropical Medicine / Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science / Virology / Zoonoses / Zoonoses - epidemiology / Zoonoses - parasitology