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Clinical, pathological, and laboratory diagnoses of diseases of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), live stranded on the Dutch and adjacent coasts from 2003 to 2016
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Clinical, pathological, and laboratory diagnoses of diseases of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), live stranded on the Dutch and adjacent coasts from 2003 to 2016
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Journal Article
Clinical, pathological, and laboratory diagnoses of diseases of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), live stranded on the Dutch and adjacent coasts from 2003 to 2016
2019
Overview
Harbour porpoises (
Phocoena phocoena
) in the North Sea live in an environment heavily impacted by humans, the consequences of which are a concern for their health. Autopsies carried out on stranded harbour porpoises provide an opportunity to assess health problems in this species. We performed 61 autopsies on live-stranded harbour porpoises, which died following admission to a rehabilitation centre between 2003 and 2016. The animals had stranded on the Dutch (
n
= 52) and adjacent coasts of Belgium (
n
= 2) and Germany (
n
= 7). We assigned probable causes for stranding based on clinical and pathological criteria. Cause of stranding was associated in the majority of cases with pathologies in multiple organs (
n
= 29) compared to animals with pathologies in a single organ (
n
= 18). Our results show that the three most probable causes of stranding were pneumonia (
n
= 35), separation of calves from their mother (
n
= 10), and aspergillosis (
n
= 9). Pneumonia as a consequence of pulmonary nematode infection occurred in 19 animals. Pneumonia was significantly associated with infection with
Pseudalius inflexus, Halocercus
sp., and
Torynurus convolutus
but not with
Stenurus minor
infection. Half of the bacterial pneumonias (6/12) could not be associated with nematode infection. Conclusions from this study are that aspergillosis is an important probable cause for stranding, while parasitic infection is not a necessary prerequisite for bacterial pneumonia, and approximately half of the animals (29/61) probably stranded due to multiple causes. An important implication of the observed high prevalence of aspergillosis is that these harbour porpoises suffered from reduced immunocompetence.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ Aspergillosis - epidemiology
/ Belgium
/ calves
/ coasts
/ Diseases
/ Germany
/ Harbors
/ Health
/ Medicine
/ Mycoses
/ necropsy
/ Nematode Infections - mortality
/ Nematode Infections - parasitology
/ Nematode Infections - veterinary
/ Pneumonia, Bacterial - microbiology
/ Pneumonia, Bacterial - mortality
/ Pneumonia, Bacterial - veterinary
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
