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Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options
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Journal Article
Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options
2015
Overview
Key Points
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections and are caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species. UTIs are categorized into uncomplicated and complicated, and are a severe public health problem; this situation is being exacerbated by the rise in multidrug-resistant strains.
Uropathogens carry multiple virulence factors involved in the pathophysiology of UTIs. These virulence factors are involved in invasion and colonization, as well as in mediating the subversion of host defences.
Knowledge about the mechanism of action of these virulence factors is being used to develop new therapeutics against UTIs.
Therapies that are currently in the initial stages of development include vaccines targeting bacterial factors that are essential for initial attachment and disease progression (such as adhesins, toxins, proteases and siderophores), and small-molecule inhibitors that prevent adhesin–receptor interactions.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens. In this Review, Hultgren and colleagues discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular mechanisms of UTI pathogenesis and how this knowledge is being used for the development of novel clinical treatments for UTIs.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by
Escherichia coli
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Proteus mirabilis
,
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. In this Review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host–pathogen interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new clinical treatments for UTIs.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Adhesins
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
/ Bacterial Infections - drug therapy
/ Bacterial Infections - economics
/ Bacterial Infections - epidemiology
/ Bacterial Infections - microbiology
/ E coli
/ Humans
/ Toxins
/ Urinary Tract Infections - drug therapy
/ Urinary Tract Infections - economics
/ Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology
/ Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology
/ Virology
