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The cadDX operon contributes to cadmium resistance, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence in zoonotic streptococci
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The cadDX operon contributes to cadmium resistance, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence in zoonotic streptococci
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Journal Article
The cadDX operon contributes to cadmium resistance, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence in zoonotic streptococci
2024
Overview
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) enable bacteria to acquire novel genes and traits. However, the functions of cargo genes within MGEs remain poorly understood. The cadmium resistance operon
cadDX
is present in many gram-positive bacteria. Although
cadDX
has been reported to be involved in metal detoxification, its regulatory mechanisms and functions in bacterial pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study revealed that
cadDX
contributes to cadmium resistance, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence in
Streptococcus suis
, an important zoonotic pathogen in pigs and humans. CadX represses
cadD
expression by binding to the
cadDX
promoter. Notably,
cadX
responds to H
2
O
2
stress through an additional promoter within the
cadDX
operon
,
mitigating the harmful effect of excessive
cadD
expression during oxidative stress.
cadDX
resides within an 11 K integrative and mobilizable element that can autonomously form circular structures. Moreover,
cadDX
is found in diverse MGEs, accounting for its widespread distribution across various bacteria, especially among pathogenic streptococci. Transferring
cadDX
into another zoonotic pathogen,
Streptococcus agalactiae
, results in similar phenotypes, including resistance to cadmium and oxidative stresses and increased virulence of
S. agalactiae
in mice. The new functions and regulatory mechanisms of
cadDX
shed light on the importance of the
cadDX
system in driving evolutionary adaptations and survival strategies across diverse gram-positive bacteria.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Cadmium
/ Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics
/ Medicine
/ Mice
/ Operon
/ Streptococcal Infections - microbiology
/ Streptococcal Infections - veterinary
/ Streptococcus agalactiae - drug effects
/ Streptococcus agalactiae - genetics
/ Streptococcus agalactiae - pathogenicity
/ Streptococcus agalactiae - physiology
/ Streptococcus suis - drug effects
/ Streptococcus suis - genetics
/ Streptococcus suis - pathogenicity
/ Streptococcus suis - physiology
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
/ Zoonoses
