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Dietary Patterns and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
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Dietary Patterns and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
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Journal Article
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
2008
Overview
OBJECTIVE:--We characterized dietary patterns and their relation to incident type 2 diabetes in 5,011 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--White, black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults, aged 45-84 years and free of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, completed food frequency questionnaires at baseline (2000-2002). Incident type 2 diabetes was defined at three follow-up exams (2002-2003, 2004-2005, and 2005-2007) as fasting glucose >126 mg/dl, self-reported type 2 diabetes, or use of diabetes medication. Two types of dietary patterns were studied: four empirically derived (principal components analysis) and one author-defined (low-risk food pattern) as the weighted sum of whole grains, vegetables, nuts/seeds, low-fat dairy, coffee (positively weighted), red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy, and soda (negatively weighted). RESULTS:--The empirically derived dietary pattern characterized by high intake of tomatoes, beans, refined grains, high-fat dairy, and red meat was associated with an 18% greater risk (hazard ratio per 1-score SD 1.18 [95% CI 1.06-1.32]; Ptrend = 0.004), whereas the empirically derived dietary pattern characterized by high intake of whole grains, fruit, nuts/seeds, green leafy vegetables, and low-fat dairy was associated with a 15% lower diabetes risk (0.85 [0.76-0.95]; Ptrend = 0.005). The low-risk food pattern was also inversely associated with diabetes risk (0.87 [0.81-0.99]; Ptrend = 0.04). Individual component food groups were not independently associated with diabetes risk. Associations were not modified by sex or race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS:--Multiple food groups collectively influence type 2 diabetes risk beyond that of the individual food groups themselves.
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Subject
/ Aged
/ Atherosclerosis - complications
/ beans
/ Diabetes
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology
/ Diet
/ Epidemiology/Health Services Research
/ fasting
/ Feeding Behavior - classification
/ Female
/ food frequency questionnaires
/ Glucose
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Meat
/ Methods
/ noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
/ nuts
/ principal component analysis
/ Principal components analysis
/ red meat
/ risk
/ seeds
/ tomatoes
