Journal Article

A methodological systematic review of meta-ethnography conduct to articulate the complex analytical phases

Turley, Ruth L., Roberts, Rachel J., Noyes, Jane, France, Emma F., Uny, Isabelle, Ring, Nicola, Jepson, Ruth G., Duncan, Edward A. S., Maxwell, Margaret

2019

Overview

Background Decision making in health and social care requires robust syntheses of both quantitative and qualitative evidence. Meta-ethnography is a seven-phase methodology for synthesising qualitative studies. Developed in 1988 by sociologists in education Noblit and Hare, meta-ethnography has evolved since its inception; it is now widely used in healthcare research and is gaining popularity in education research. The aim of this article is to provide up-to-date, in-depth guidance on conducting the complex analytic synthesis phases 4 to 6 of meta-ethnography through analysis of the latest methodological evidence. Methods We report findings from a methodological systematic review conducted from 2015 to 2016. Fourteen databases and five other online resources were searched. Expansive searches were also conducted resulting in inclusion of 57 publications on meta-ethnography conduct and reporting from a range of academic disciplines published from 1988 to 2016. Results Current guidance on applying meta-ethnography originates from a small group of researchers using the methodology in a health context. We identified that researchers have operationalised the analysis and synthesis methods of meta-ethnography – determining how studies are related (phase 4), translating studies into one another (phase 5), synthesising translations (phase 6) and line of argument synthesis - to suit their own syntheses resulting in variation in methods and their application. Empirical research is required to compare the impact of different methods of translation and synthesis. Some methods are potentially better at preserving links with the context and meaning of primary studies, a key principle of meta-ethnography. A meta-ethnography can and should include reciprocal and refutational translation and line of argument synthesis, rather than only one of these, to maximise the impact of its outputs. Conclusion The current work is the first to articulate and differentiate the methodological variations and their application for different purposes and represents a significant advance in the understanding of the methodological application of meta-ethnography.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Acculturation / Adaptation, Psychological / Anthropology, Cultural - methods / Anthropology, Cultural - standards / Anthropology, Cultural - statistics & numerical data / Clinical decision making / Data collection / Decision making / Education / Ethnography / Evaluation / Evidence-based medicine / Health Personnel - psychology / Health Sciences / Health Services Research - methods / Health Services Research - standards / Health Services Research - statistics & numerical data / Humans / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Meta-ethnography / Meta-synthesis / Methods / Qualitative evidence synthesis / Qualitative Research / quality / reporting / Research Article / Research design / Research Design - standards / Research Design - statistics & numerical data / Research Report - standards / Researchers / Secondary data analysis / Statistical Theory and Methods / Statistics for Life Sciences / Systematic review / Theory / Theory of Medicine/Bioethics