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The complete mitochondrial genome of a parasite at the animal-fungal boundary
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Journal Article
The complete mitochondrial genome of a parasite at the animal-fungal boundary
2020
Overview
Background
Sphaerothecum destruens
is an obligate intracellular fish parasite which has been identified as a serious threat to freshwater fishes. Taxonomically,
S. destruens
belongs to the order Dermocystida within the class Ichthyosporea (formerly referred to as Mesomycetozoea), which sits at the animal-fungal boundary. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences can be valuable genetic markers for species detection and are increasingly used in environmental DNA (eDNA) based species detection. Furthermore, mtDNA sequences can be used in epidemiological studies by informing detection, strain identification and geographical spread.
Methods
We amplified the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of
S. destruens
in two overlapping long fragments using primers designed based on the
cox
1,
cob
and
nad
5 partial sequences. The mt-genome architecture of
S. destruens
was then compared to close relatives to gain insights into its evolution.
Results
The complete mt-genome of
Sphaerothecum destruens
is 23,939 bp in length and consists of 47 genes including 21 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA and two unidentified open reading frames. The mitochondrial genome of
S. destruens
is intronless and compact with a few intergenic regions and includes genes that are often missing from animal and fungal mt-genomes, such as, the four ribosomal proteins (small subunit
rps13
and
14
; large subunit
rpl2
and
16
),
tatC
(twin-arginine translocase component C), and
ccmC
and
ccmF
(cytochrome
c
maturation protein
ccmC
and heme lyase).
Conclusions
We present the first mt-genome of
S. destruens
which also represents the first mt-genome for the order Dermocystida. The availability of the mt-genome can assist the detection of
S. destruens
and closely related parasites in eukaryotic diversity surveys using eDNA and assist epidemiological studies by improving molecular detection and tracking the parasite’s spread. Furthermore, as the only representative of the order Dermocystida, its mt-genome can be used in the study of mitochondrial evolution of the unicellular relatives of animals.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
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