Journal Article

The effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): A prospective cohort study

Verveen, Anouk, Leenstra, Tjalling, de Jong, Menno D., de Bree, Godelieve J., Han, Alvin X., Boyd, Anders, van Willigen, Hugo D.G., Russell, Colin, Kootstra, Neeltje, van der Straten, Karlijn, Prins, Maria, Wynberg, Elke, Lebbink, Romy, van Gils, Marit J.

2022

Overview

•Vaccination did not reduce symptoms of post-acute sequelae (PASC).•Antibody kinetics did not differ between participants with and without PASC.•Early antibody titers were comparable between participants with and without PASC.•Therapeutic potential of COVID-19 vaccination on PASC seems unlikely. Symptoms of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) may improve following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However few prospective data that also explore the underlying biological mechanism are available. We assessed the effect of vaccination on symptomatology of participants with PASC, and compared antibody dynamics between those with and without PASC. RECoVERED is a prospective cohort study of adult patients with mild to critical COVID-19, enrolled from illness onset. Among participants with PASC, vaccinated participants were exact-matched 1:1 on age, sex, obesity status and time since illness onset to unvaccinated participants. Between matched pairs, we compared the monthly mean numbers of symptoms over a 3-month follow-up period, and, using exact logistic regression, the proportion of participants who fully recovered from PASC. Finally, we assessed the association between PACS status and rate of decay of spike- and RBD-binding IgG titers up to 9 months after illness onset using Bayesian hierarchical linear regression. Of 349 enrolled participants, 316 (90.5%) had ≥3 months of follow-up, of whom 186 (58.9%) developed PASC. Among 36 matched pairs with PASC, the mean number of symptoms reported each month during 3 months of follow-up were comparable between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Odds of full recovery from PASC also did not differ between matched pairs (OR 1.57 [95%CI 0.46–5.84]) within 3 months after the matched time-point. The median half-life of spike- and RBD-binding IgG levels were, in days (95%CrI), 233 (183–324) and 181 (147–230) among participants with PASC, and 170 (125–252) and 144 (113–196) among those without PASC, respectively. Our study found no strong evidence to suggest that vaccination improves symptoms of PASC. This was corroborated by comparable spike- and RBD-binding IgG waning trajectories between those with and without PASC, refuting any immunological basis for a therapeutic effect of vaccination on PASC.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier Limited,The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
• Subject: Adult / adults / Allergy and Immunology / Antibodies / Bayes Theorem / Bayesian analysis / Bayesian theory / Binding / Cohort analysis / cohort studies / Complications / complications (disease) / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - prevention & control / COVID-19 infection / COVID-19 Vaccines / Decay rate / Firing rate / half life / Hospitals / Humans / Illnesses / Immunization / Immunoglobulin G / Immunology / Infections / Long COVID / obesity / Oxygen therapy / Post-acute sequelae / Prospective Studies / Proteins / Public health / regression analysis / SARS-CoV-2 / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / Sociodemographics / Therapeutic vaccine / Vaccination / vaccines / Viral diseases