Journal Article

mRNA vaccine: a potential therapeutic strategy

Wang, Yang, Wei, Yuquan, Luo, Jingwen, Wei, Xiawei, Han, Xuejiao, Zhang, Ziqi

2021

Overview

mRNA vaccines have tremendous potential to fight against cancer and viral diseases due to superiorities in safety, efficacy and industrial production. In recent decades, we have witnessed the development of different kinds of mRNAs by sequence optimization to overcome the disadvantage of excessive mRNA immunogenicity, instability and inefficiency. Based on the immunological study, mRNA vaccines are coupled with immunologic adjuvant and various delivery strategies. Except for sequence optimization, the assistance of mRNA-delivering strategies is another method to stabilize mRNAs and improve their efficacy. The understanding of increasing the antigen reactiveness gains insight into mRNA-induced innate immunity and adaptive immunity without antibody-dependent enhancement activity. Therefore, to address the problem, scientists further exploited carrier-based mRNA vaccines (lipid-based delivery, polymer-based delivery, peptide-based delivery, virus-like replicon particle and cationic nanoemulsion), naked mRNA vaccines and dendritic cells-based mRNA vaccines. The article will discuss the molecular biology of mRNA vaccines and underlying anti-virus and anti-tumor mechanisms, with an introduction of their immunological phenomena, delivery strategies, their importance on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related clinical trials against cancer and viral diseases. Finally, we will discuss the challenge of mRNA vaccines against bacterial and parasitic diseases.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: 2021 mRNA Special Issue / Adaptive immunity / Animals / Antibodies / Antigens / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Cancer Research / Cervical cancer / Clinical trials / Coronaviruses / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - immunology / Delivery strategy / Dendritic cells / Deoxyribonucleic acid / Diabetes / DNA / Emulsions / Gene Transfer Techniques / Health aspects / Humans / Immune system / Immunity, Humoral / Immunogenicity / Immunotherapy / Influenza / Innate immunity / Medical research / Medicine, Experimental / Messenger RNA / Modification / Molecular biology / mRNA / mRNA vaccine / mRNA Vaccines / Non-replicating mRNA / Oncology / Optimization / Parasitic diseases / Peptides / Polymers / Review / RNA Stability / Self-amplifying RNA / Vaccines / Vaccines, Synthetic - genetics / Vaccines, Synthetic - immunology / Vaccines, Synthetic - therapeutic use / Viral diseases / Virus diseases