Journal Article

Hyperglycemia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Increase Expression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and RAGE Ligands

Dachun Yao, Michael Brownlee

2010

Overview

Hyperglycemia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Increase Expression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and RAGE Ligands Dachun Yao and Michael Brownlee From the Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, and the Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. Corresponding author: Michael Brownlee, brownlee{at}aecom.yu.edu . Abstract OBJECTIVE RAGE interacts with the endogenous ligands S100 calgranulins and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) to induce inflammation. Since hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate many pathways of diabetic tissue damage, the effect of these ROS on RAGE and RAGE ligand expression was evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Expression of RAGE, S100A8, S100A12, and HMGB1 was evaluated in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated in normal glucose, high glucose, and high glucose after overexpression of either uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), or glyoxalase 1 (GLO1). Expression was also evaluated in normal glucose after knockdown of GLO1. Expression was next evaluated in high glucose after knockdown of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 (RAGE) and after knockdown of activated protein-1 (AP-1) (S100A8, S100A12, and HMGB1), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed ± GLO1 overexpression for NFκB p65 (RAGE promoter) and AP-1 (S100A8, S100A12, and HMGB1 promoters). Finally, endothelial cells from nondiabetic mice, STZ diabetic mice, and STZ diabetic mice treated with the superoxide dismutase mimetic Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) were evaluated. RESULTS High glucose increased RAGE, S100A8, S100A12, and HMGB1 expression, which was normalized by overexpression of UCP1, SOD2, or GLO1. GLO1 knockdown mimicked the effect of high glucose, and in high glucose, overexpression of GLO1 normalized increased binding of NFκB p65 and AP-1. Diabetes increased RAGE, S100A8, and HMGB1 expression, and MnTBAP treatment normalized this. CONCLUSIONS These results show that hyperglycemia-induced ROS production increases expression of RAGE and RAGE ligands. This effect is mediated by ROS-induced methylglyoxal, the major substrate of glyoxalase 1. Footnotes The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. Received May 29, 2009. Accepted October 1, 2009. © 2010 American Diabetes Association

• Publisher: American Diabetes Association
• Subject: Advanced glycation end products / Animals / Antibodies / Aorta - physiology / Biological and medical sciences / Diabetes / Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism / Diabetes research / Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance / DNA Primers / Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) / Endocrinopathies / Endothelium, Vascular - physiology / Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance / Genetic Vectors / Glucose / Health aspects / HMGB1 Protein - genetics / Humans / Hyperglycemia / Hyperglycemia - physiopathology / Inflammation / Infrared imaging systems / Lactoylglutathione Lyase - genetics / Ligands / Medical sciences / Metalloporphyrins - pharmacology / Mice / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Original / Production increases / Promoter Regions, Genetic / Proteins / Reactive oxygen species / Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism / Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products - drug effects / Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products - genetics / Research design / RNA, Messenger - genetics / Transcription Factor AP-1 - genetics