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Genome reduction and potential metabolic complementation of the dual endosymbionts in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
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Genome reduction and potential metabolic complementation of the dual endosymbionts in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
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Journal Article
Genome reduction and potential metabolic complementation of the dual endosymbionts in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci
2015
Overview
Background
The whitefly
Bemisia tabaci
is an important agricultural pest with global distribution. This phloem-sap feeder harbors a primary symbiont, “
Candidatus
Portiera aleyrodidarum”, which compensates for the deficient nutritional composition of its food sources, and a variety of secondary symbionts. Interestingly, all of these secondary symbionts are found in co-localization with the primary symbiont within the same bacteriocytes, which should favor the evolution of strong interactions between symbionts.
Results
In this paper, we analyzed the genome sequences of the primary symbiont
Portiera
and of the secondary symbiont
Hamiltonella
in the
B. tabaci
Mediterranean (MED) species in order to gain insight into the metabolic role of each symbiont in the biology of their host. The genome sequences of the uncultured symbionts
Portiera
and
Hamiltonella
were obtained from one single bacteriocyte of MED
B. tabaci.
As already reported, the genome of
Portiera
is highly reduced (357 kb), but has kept a number of genes encoding most essential amino-acids and carotenoids. On the other hand,
Portiera
lacks almost all the genes involved in the synthesis of vitamins and cofactors. Moreover, some pathways are incomplete, notably those involved in the synthesis of some essential amino-acids. Interestingly, the genome of
Hamiltonella
revealed that this secondary symbiont can not only provide vitamins and cofactors, but also complete the missing steps of some of the pathways of
Portiera
. In addition, some critical amino-acid biosynthetic genes are missing in the two symbiotic genomes, but analysis of whitefly transcriptome suggests that the missing steps may be performed by the whitefly itself or its microbiota.
Conclusions
These data suggest that
Portiera
and
Hamiltonella
are not only complementary but could also be mutually dependent to provide a full complement of nutrients to their host. Altogether, these results illustrate how functional redundancies can lead to gene losses in the genomes of the different symbiotic partners, reinforcing their inter-dependency.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd
Subject
/ Analysis
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ DNA - isolation & purification
/ Enterobacteriaceae - genetics
/ High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
/ In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
/ Metabolic Networks and Pathways - genetics
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
