Journal Article

Analysis of ORF5 sequences of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) circulating within swine farms in Costa Rica

Meléndez, Ronald, Uribe, Alberto, Piche, Marta, Guzmán, Mónica, León, Bernal, Romero, Juan José, Stegeman, Arjan, Ramirez-Carvajal, Lisbeth, Van Nes, Arie, Jiménez, Emily, Jiménez, Carlos, Cordero, Juan M.

2021

Overview

Background Worldwide, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is among the diseases that cause the highest economic impact in modern pig production. PRRS was first detected in Costa Rica in 1996 and has since then severely affected the local swine industry. Studies of the molecular characterization of circulating strains, correlation with clinical records, and associations with pathogens associated with Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) have not been done in Costa Rica. Results Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 proved that PRRSV-2 was the only species detected in all locations analyzed. These sequences were grouped into three clusters. When comparing samples from San Jose, Alejuela, and Puntarenas to historical isolates of the previously described lineages (1 to 9), it has been shown that these were closely related to each other and belonged to Lineage 5, along with the samples from Heredia. Intriguingly, samples from Cartago clustered in a separate clade, phylogenetically related to Lineage 1. Epitope analysis conducted on the GP5 sequence of field isolates from Costa Rica revealed seven peptides with at least 80% amino acid sequence identity with previously described and experimentally validated immunogenic regions. Previously described epitopes A, B, and C, were detected in the Santa Barbara-Heredia isolate. Conclusions Our data suggest that the virus has three distinct origins or introductions to the country. Future studies will elucidate how recently introduced vaccines will shape the evolutionary change of circulating field strains.

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Amino acid sequence / amino acid sequences / Animal diseases / Betaarterivirus suid 2 / Costa Rica / Disease / Distribution / economic impact / Epitopes / Farms / Genes / Genetic aspects / Genomes / Glycoprotein 5(GP5) / Health aspects / Hogs / Immunogenicity / Infections / Laboratories / Livestock farms / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Open reading frame 5 (ORF5) / Pathogens / peptides / phylogenetic tree / Phylogenetics / Phylogeny / Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome / Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) / Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) / pork industry / Proteins / Research Article / Respiratory diseases / respiratory tract diseases / Risk factors / RNA viruses / sequence analysis / species / Strains (organisms) / swine / swine production / Transgenics / Vaccines / Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science / Virology / Viruses / Zoology