Journal Article

Safety and efficacy of dalcetrapib on atherosclerotic disease using novel non-invasive multimodality imaging (dal-PLAQUE): a randomised clinical trial

Woodward, Mark, Tardif, Jean-Claude, Kallend, David, Mani, Venkatesh, Abt, Markus, Rudd, James H F, Ballantyne, Christie M, Fuster, Valentin, Tawakol, Ahmed, Burgess, Tracy, Fayad, Zahi A, Stein, Evan A, Farkouh, Michael E

2011

Overview

Dalcetrapib modulates cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity to raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). After the failure of torcetrapib it was unknown if HDL produced by interaction with CETP had pro-atherogenic or pro-inflammatory properties. dal-PLAQUE is the first multicentre study using novel non-invasive multimodality imaging to assess structural and inflammatory indices of atherosclerosis as primary endpoints. In this phase 2b, double-blind, multicentre trial, patients (aged 18–75 years) with, or with high risk of, coronary heart disease were randomly assigned (1:1) to dalcetrapib 600 mg/day or placebo for 24 months. Randomisation was done with a computer-generated randomisation code and was stratified by centre. Patients and investigators were masked to treatment. Coprimary endpoints were MRI-assessed indices (total vessel area, wall area, wall thickness, and normalised wall index [average carotid]) after 24 months and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) PET/CT assessment of arterial inflammation within an index vessel (right carotid, left carotid, or ascending thoracic aorta) after 6 months, with no-harm boundaries established before unblinding of the trial. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00655473. 189 patients were screened and 130 randomly assigned to placebo (66 patients) or dalcetrapib (64 patients). For the coprimary MRI and PET/CT endpoints, CIs were below the no-harm boundary or the adverse change was numerically lower in the dalcetrapib group than in the placebo group. MRI-derived change in total vessel area was reduced in patients given dalcetrapib compared with those given placebo after 24 months; absolute change from baseline relative to placebo was −4·01 mm 2 (90% CI −7·23 to −0·80; nominal p=0·04). The PET/CT measure of index vessel most-diseased-segment target-to-background ratio (TBR) was not different between groups, but carotid artery analysis showed a 7% reduction in most-diseased-segment TBR in the dalcetrapib group compared with the placebo group (–7·3 [90% CI −13·5 to −0·8]; nominal p=0·07). Dalcetrapib did not increase office blood pressure and the frequency of adverse events was similar between groups. Dalcetrapib showed no evidence of a pathological effect related to the arterial wall over 24 months. Moreover, this trial suggests possible beneficial vascular effects of dalcetrapib, including the reduction in total vessel enlargement over 24 months, but long-term safety and clinical outcomes efficacy of dalcetrapib need to be analysed. F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

• Publisher: Elsevier Ltd,Elsevier,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Amides / Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage / aorta / Atherosclerosis / Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) / Biological and medical sciences / Biomedical research / Blood and lymphatic vessels / Blood pressure / Cardiology. Vascular system / Cardiovascular disease / Cardiovascular diseases / carotid arteries / Cholesterol / cholesteryl ester transfer protein / Clinical medicine / clinical trials / Confidence Intervals / Coronary Artery Disease - diagnosis / Coronary Artery Disease - prevention & control / coronary disease / Coronary Stenosis - diagnosis / Coronary Stenosis - prevention & control / Diagnostic Imaging - methods / Dose-Response Relationship, Drug / Double-Blind Method / Drug Administration Schedule / Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / enlargement / Esters / Female / Follow-Up Studies / General aspects / high density lipoprotein cholesterol / Humans / Hypercholesterolemia - diagnosis / Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy / image analysis / inflammation / Internal Medicine / Lipoproteins / magnetic resonance imaging / Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods / Male / Medical research / Medical sciences / Medicine / Middle Aged / Mortality / patients / Positron-Emission Tomography - methods / Proteins / randomized clinical trials / Reference Values / risk / Risk Assessment / Side effects / Sulfhydryl Compounds - administration & dosage / Treatment Outcome / Young Adult