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Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control
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Journal Article
Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control
2006
Overview
The area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal Cry proteins derived from
Bacillus thuringiensis
(
Bt
) is increasing worldwide. A major concern with the adoption of
Bt
crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. Regulatory frameworks should advocate a step-wise (tiered) approach to assess possible nontarget effects of
Bt
crops. Laboratory and glasshouse studies have revealed effects on natural enemies only when
Bt
-susceptible, sublethally damaged herbivores were used as prey or host, with no indication of direct toxic effects. Field studies have confirmed that the abundance and activity of parasitoids and predators are similar in
Bt
and non-
Bt
crops. In contrast, applications of conventional insecticides have usually resulted in negative impacts on biological control organisms. Because
Bt
-transgenic varieties can lead to substantial reductions in insecticide use in some crops, they can contribute to integrated pest management systems with a strong biological control component.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Bacillus thuringiensis - genetics
/ Bacillus thuringiensis - metabolism
/ Bacterial Proteins - adverse effects
/ Bacterial Proteins - genetics
/ Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology
/ Crops
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ genetics
/ Insecticide Resistance - physiology
/ methods
/ Pest Control, Biological - methods
/ Pests
/ Plants, Genetically Modified
/ Plants, Genetically Modified - adverse effects
/ Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics
/ Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism
/ Prey
/ Toxins
