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A mechanistic principle for proton pumping by cytochrome c oxidase
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Journal Article
A mechanistic principle for proton pumping by cytochrome c oxidase
2005
Overview
Pump it up
The nature of proton pumping by cytochrome
c
oxidase, last link in the electron transfer chain in mitochondria and many bacteria, has been a reliable source of controversy over the years. Its mechanism of action is still something of a mystery, but a new study of proton pumping events in lipid vesicles containing a single molecule of the oxidase suggests a mechanism of action that could be generalized to all membrane-bound ion transporters.
In aerobic organisms, cellular respiration involves electron transfer to oxygen through a series of membrane-bound protein complexes. The process maintains a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient that is used, for example, in the synthesis of ATP. In mitochondria and many bacteria, the last enzyme complex in the electron transfer chain is cytochrome
c
oxidase (Cyt
c
O), which catalyses the four-electron reduction of O
2
to H
2
O using electrons delivered by a water-soluble donor, cytochrome
c
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
. The electron transfer through Cyt
c
O, accompanied by proton uptake to form H
2
O drives the physical movement (pumping) of four protons across the membrane
8
per reduced O
2
. So far, the molecular mechanism of such proton pumping driven by electron transfer has not been determined in any biological system. Here we show that proton pumping in Cyt
c
O is mechanistically coupled to proton transfer to O
2
at the catalytic site, rather than to internal electron transfer. This scenario suggests a principle by which redox-driven proton pumps might operate and puts considerable constraints on possible molecular mechanisms by which Cyt
c
O translocates protons.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Electron Transport Complex IV - chemistry
/ Electron Transport Complex IV - metabolism
/ Electron Transport Complex IV/chemistry/metabolism
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ letter
/ Proteins
/ Protons
/ Rhodobacter sphaeroides - enzymology
/ Science
