Journal Article

The epigenetic factor PCAF regulates vascular inflammation and is essential for intimal hyperplasia development

de Vries, Margreet R., de Jong, Rob C. M., Karper, Jacco C., Ewing, Mark M., van den Elsen, Peter J., Bastiaansen, Antonius J. N. M., Gongora, Céline, Quax, Paul H. A., Baghana, Fabiana, Jukema, J. Wouter, Peters, Hendrika A. B.

2017

Overview

Genetic P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) variation affects restenosis-risk in patients. PCAF has lysine acetyltransferase activity and promotes nuclear factor kappa-beta (NFκB)-mediated inflammation, which drives post-interventional intimal hyperplasia development. We studied the contributing role of PCAF in post-interventional intimal hyperplasia. PCAF contribution to inflammation and intimal hyperplasia was assessed in leukocytes, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in vitro and in a mouse model for intimal hyperplasia, in which a cuff is placed around the femoral artery. PCAF deficiency downregulate CCL2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression, as demonstrated on cultured vSMCs, leukocytes and macrophages. PCAF KO mice showed a 71.8% reduction of vSMC-rich intimal hyperplasia, a 73.4% reduction of intima/media ratio and a 63.7% reduction of luminal stenosis after femoral artery cuff placement compared to wild type (WT) mice. The association of PCAF and vascular inflammation was further investigated using the potent natural PCAF inhibitor garcinol. Garcinol treatment reduced CCL2 and TNF-alpha expression, as demonstrated on cultured vSMCs and leukocytes. To assess the effect of garcinol treatment on vascular inflammation we used hypercholesterolemic ApoE*3-Leiden mice. After cuff placement, garcinol treatment resulted in reduced arterial leukocyte and macrophage adherence and infiltration after three days compared to untreated animals. These results identify a vital role for the lysine acetyltransferase PCAF in the regulation of local inflammation after arterial injury and likely the subsequent vSMC proliferation, responsible for intimal hyperplasia.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Acetyltransferase / Animals / Apolipoprotein E / Apolipoproteins E - genetics / Apolipoproteins E - metabolism / Atherosclerosis / Biology and Life Sciences / Cancer / Cardiology / Cardiovascular disease / Cell Adhesion - drug effects / Chemokine CCL2 - genetics / Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism / Development and progression / Disease Models, Animal / Dosage and administration / Epigenesis, Genetic / Epigenetic inheritance / Epigenetics / Event-related potentials / Femoral artery / Femoral Artery - drug effects / Femoral Artery - metabolism / Femoral Artery - pathology / Femur / Gene expression / Genetics / Health aspects / Human genetics / Humans / Hyperplasia / Hyperplasia - genetics / Hyperplasia - metabolism / Hyperplasia - pathology / Hyperplasia - prevention & control / Infiltration / Inflammation / Interleukin 6 / Interleukin-6 - genetics / Interleukin-6 - metabolism / Laboratories / Leukocytes / Leukocytes - drug effects / Leukocytes - metabolism / Leukocytes - pathology / Life Sciences / Lysine / Macrophages / Macrophages - drug effects / Macrophages - metabolism / Macrophages - pathology / Male / Medicine / Medicine and Health Sciences / Mice / Mice, Knockout / Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 / Mortality / Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - drug effects / Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism / Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - pathology / NF-kappa B - genetics / NF-kappa B - metabolism / NF-κB protein / p300-CBP Transcription Factors - antagonists & inhibitors / p300-CBP Transcription Factors - deficiency / p300-CBP Transcription Factors - genetics / Physiology / Placement / Primary Cell Culture / Reduction / Research and Analysis Methods / Restenosis / Rodents / Signal Transduction / Smooth muscle / Stenosis / Surgery / Terpenes - pharmacology / Thrombosis / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - genetics / Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism / Tumor necrosis factor-TNF / Tumor necrosis factor-α / Tunica Intima - drug effects / Tunica Intima - metabolism / Tunica Intima - pathology / Vasculitis - genetics / Vasculitis - metabolism / Vasculitis - pathology / Vasculitis - prevention & control