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Periodic stripe formation by a Turing mechanism operating at growth zones in the mammalian palate
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Periodic stripe formation by a Turing mechanism operating at growth zones in the mammalian palate
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Journal Article
Periodic stripe formation by a Turing mechanism operating at growth zones in the mammalian palate
2012
Overview
Jeremy Green and colleagues determine that the mechanism establishing the pattern of rugae on the embryonic vertebrate palate is an activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion mechanism rather than an alternative pattern signaling system, such as lateral inhibition.
We present direct evidence of an activator-inhibitor system in the generation of the regularly spaced transverse ridges of the palate. We show that new ridges, called rugae, that are marked by stripes of expression of
Shh
(encoding Sonic hedgehog), appear at two growth zones where the space between previously laid rugae increases. However, inter-rugal growth is not absolutely required: new stripes of
Shh
expression still appeared when growth was inhibited. Furthermore, when a ruga was excised, new
Shh
expression appeared not at the cut edge but as bifurcating stripes branching from the neighboring stripe of
Shh
expression, diagnostic of a Turing-type reaction-diffusion mechanism. Genetic and inhibitor experiments identified fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Shh as components of an activator-inhibitor pair in this system. These findings demonstrate a reaction-diffusion mechanism that is likely to be widely relevant in vertebrate development.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group US,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Fibroblast Growth Factors - metabolism
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - genetics
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology
/ Genes
/ Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution
/ Growth
/ Hair
/ Hedgehog Proteins - metabolism
/ Insects
/ letter
/ Mice
/ Ridges
