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Production of ethylene glycol or glycolic acid from D-xylose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Production of ethylene glycol or glycolic acid from D-xylose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Journal Article
Production of ethylene glycol or glycolic acid from D-xylose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2017
Overview
The important platform chemicals ethylene glycol and glycolic acid were produced via the oxidative D-xylose pathway in the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. The expression of genes encoding D-xylose dehydrogenase (XylB) and D-xylonate dehydratase (XylD) from
Caulobacter crescentus
and YagE or YjhH aldolase and aldehyde dehydrogenase AldA from
Escherichia coli
enabled glycolic acid production from D-xylose up to 150 mg/L. In strains expressing only
xylB
and
xylD
, 29 mg/L 2-keto-3-deoxyxylonic acid [(
S
)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-oxopentanoic acid] (2K3DXA) was produced and D-xylonic acid accumulated to ca. 9 g/L. A significant amount of D-xylonic acid (ca. 14%) was converted to 3-deoxypentonic acid (3DPA), and also, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid was formed. 2K3DXA was further converted to glycolaldehyde when genes encoding by either YagE or YjhH aldolase from
E. coli
were expressed. Reduction of glycolaldehyde to ethylene glycol by an endogenous aldo-keto reductase activity resulted further in accumulation of ethylene glycol of 14 mg/L. The possibility of simultaneous production of lactic and glycolic acids was evaluated by expression of gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase
ldhL
from
Lactobacillus helveticus
together with
aldA
. Interestingly, this increased the accumulation of glycolic acid to 1 g/L. The D-xylonate dehydratase activity in yeast was notably low, possibly due to inefficient Fe–S cluster synthesis in the yeast cytosol, and leading to D-xylonic acid accumulation. The dehydratase activity was significantly improved by targeting its expression to mitochondria or by altering the Fe–S cluster metabolism of the cells with
FRA2
deletion.
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Acids
/ Alcohol Oxidoreductases - genetics
/ Alcohol Oxidoreductases - metabolism
/ Aldolase
/ Applied Genetics and Molecular Biotechnology
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Caulobacter crescentus - genetics
/ Clusters
/ Cytosol
/ E coli
/ Ethylene
/ Ethylene Glycol - isolation & purification
/ Ethylene Glycol - metabolism
/ fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
/ Genes
/ Glycolates - isolation & purification
/ L-Lactate Dehydrogenase - metabolism
/ Metabolic Engineering - methods
/ Metabolic Networks and Pathways - genetics
/ Methods
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism
/ Xylose
/ Yeast
/ yeasts
