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Sources and pathways of carbon and nitrogen of macrophytes and sediments using stable isotopes in Al-Kharrar Lagoon, eastern Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia
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Sources and pathways of carbon and nitrogen of macrophytes and sediments using stable isotopes in Al-Kharrar Lagoon, eastern Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia
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Sources and pathways of carbon and nitrogen of macrophytes and sediments using stable isotopes in Al-Kharrar Lagoon, eastern Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia
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Journal Article
Sources and pathways of carbon and nitrogen of macrophytes and sediments using stable isotopes in Al-Kharrar Lagoon, eastern Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia
2024
Overview
Elemental ratios (δ 13 C, δ 15 N and C/N) and carbon and nitrogen concentrations in macrophytes, sediments and sponges of the hypersaline Al-Kharrar Lagoon (KL), central eastern Red Sea coast, were measured to distinguish their sources, pathways and see how they have been influenced by biogeochemical processes and terrestrial inputs. The mangroves and halophytes showed the most depleted δ 13 C values of –27.07±0.2 ‰ and –28.34±0.4 ‰, respectively, indicating their preferential 12 C uptake, similar to C3-photosynthetic plants, except for the halophytes Atriplex sp. and Suaeda vermiculata which showed δ 13 C of –14.31±0.6 ‰, similar to C4-plants. Macroalgae were divided into A and B groups based on their δ 13 C values. The δ 13 C of macroalgae A averaged –15.41±0.4 ‰, whereas macroalgae B and seagrasses showed values of –7.41±0.8 ‰ and –7.98 ‰, suggesting uptake of HCO 3 – as a source for CO 2 during photosynthesis. The δ 13 C of sponges was –10.7±0.3 ‰, suggesting that macroalgae and seagrasses are their main favoured diets. Substrates of all these taxa showed δ 13 C of –15.52±0.8 ‰, suggesting the KL is at present a macroalgae-dominated lagoon. The δ 15 N in taxa/sediments averaged 1.68 ‰, suggesting that atmospheric N 2 -fixation is the main source of nitrogen in/around the lagoon. The heaviest δ 15 N (10.58 ‰) in halophytes growing in algal mats and sabkha is possibly due to denitrification and ammonia evaporation. The macrophytes in the KL showed high C %, N %, and C/N ratios, but this is not indicated in their substrates due possibly to a rapid turnover of dense, hypersaline waters carrying most of the detached organic materials out into the Red Sea. The δ 13 C allowed separation of subaerial from aquatic macrophytes, a proxy that could be used when interpreting paleo-sea level or paleoclimatic changes from the coastal marine sediments.
Publisher
Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
