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Host prion protein expression levels impact prion tropism for the spleen
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Host prion protein expression levels impact prion tropism for the spleen
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Journal Article
Host prion protein expression levels impact prion tropism for the spleen
2020
Overview
Prions are pathogens formed from abnormal conformers (PrP.sup.Sc) of the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrP.sup.C). PrP.sup.Sc conformation to disease phenotype relationships extensively vary among prion strains. In particular, prions exhibit a strain-dependent tropism for lymphoid tissues. Prions can be composed of several substrain components. There is evidence that these substrains can propagate in distinct tissues (e.g. brain and spleen) of a single individual, providing an experimental paradigm to study the cause of prion tissue selectivity. Previously, we showed that PrP.sup.C expression levels feature in prion substrain selection in the brain. Transmission of sheep scrapie isolates (termed LAN) to multiple lines of transgenic mice expressing varying levels of ovine PrP.sup.C in their brains resulted in the phenotypic expression of the dominant sheep substrain in mice expressing near physiological PrP.sup.C levels, whereas a minor substrain replicated preferentially on high expresser mice. Considering that PrP.sup.C expression levels are markedly decreased in the spleen compared to the brain, we interrogate whether spleen PrP.sup.C dosage could drive prion selectivity. The outcome of the transmission of a large cohort of LAN isolates in the spleen from high expresser mice correlated with the replication rate dependency on PrP.sup.C amount. There was a prominent spleen colonization by the substrain preferentially replicating on low expresser mice and a relative incapacity of the substrain with higher-PrP.sup.C level need to propagate in the spleen. Early colonization of the spleen after intraperitoneal inoculation allowed neuropathological expression of the lymphoid substrain. In addition, a pair of substrain variants resulting from the adaptation of human prions to ovine high expresser mice, and exhibiting differing brain versus spleen tropism, showed different tropism on transmission to low expresser mice, with the lymphoid substrain colonizing the brain. Overall, these data suggest that PrP.sup.C expression levels are instrumental in prion lymphotropism.
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