Journal Article

Multiomic screening of invasive GBM cells reveals targetable transsulfuration pathway alterations

Lad, Meeki, Kumar, Sanjay, Zhang, Jason, Carette, Luis R., Choudhary, Nikita, Aghi, Manish K., Wolf, Kayla J., Gill, Sabraj A., Rios, Jennifer, Zheng, Allison C., Akins, Erin A., Garcia, Joseph H., Jain, Saket, Raleigh, David R., Carson, William H., Shukla, Poojan, Seo, Kyounghee

2024

Overview

While the poor prognosis of glioblastoma arises from the invasion of a subset of tumor cells, little is known of the metabolic alterations within these cells that fuel invasion. We integrated spatially addressable hydrogel biomaterial platforms, patient site-directed biopsies, and multiomics analyses to define metabolic drivers of invasive glioblastoma cells. Metabolomics and lipidomics revealed elevations in the redox buffers cystathionine, hexosylceramides, and glucosyl ceramides in the invasive front of both hydrogel-cultured tumors and patient site-directed biopsies, with immunofluorescence indicating elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers in invasive cells. Transcriptomics confirmed upregulation of ROS-producing and response genes at the invasive front in both hydrogel models and patient tumors. Among oncologic ROS, H2O2 specifically promoted glioblastoma invasion in 3D hydrogel spheroid cultures. A CRISPR metabolic gene screen revealed cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH), which converts cystathionine to the nonessential amino acid cysteine in the transsulfuration pathway, to be essential for glioblastoma invasion. Correspondingly, supplementing CTH knockdown cells with exogenous cysteine rescued invasion. Pharmacologic CTH inhibition suppressed glioblastoma invasion, while CTH knockdown slowed glioblastoma invasion in vivo. Our studies highlight the importance of ROS metabolism in invasive glioblastoma cells and support further exploration of the transsulfuration pathway as a mechanistic and therapeutic target.

• Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation
• Subject: Amino acids / Analysis / Biological products / Biomaterials / Biopsy / Brain cancer / Cancer therapies / Ceramides / Chemotherapy / CRISPR / Cystathionine - therapeutic use / Cystathionine g-lyase / Cysteine / Cysteine - metabolism / Development and progression / Ferroptosis / Genes / Glioblastoma - pathology / Glioblastoma cells / Glioblastoma multiforme / Gliomas / Glucose / Health aspects / Homeostasis / Humans / Hydrogels / Hydrogen peroxide / Hydrogen Peroxide - therapeutic use / Immunofluorescence / Invasive species / Lipid peroxidation / Lipids / Medical prognosis / Metabolism / Metabolites / Metabolomics / Multiomics / Oncology / Oxidative stress / Physiological aspects / Prognosis / Radiation / Reactive oxygen species / Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism / Scientific equipment and supplies industry / Sulfur / Therapeutic targets / Transcriptomics / Tumor cells / Tumors