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Saline and alkaline stresses alter soil properties and composition and structure of gene-based nitrifier and denitrifier communities in a calcareous desert soil
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Saline and alkaline stresses alter soil properties and composition and structure of gene-based nitrifier and denitrifier communities in a calcareous desert soil
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Saline and alkaline stresses alter soil properties and composition and structure of gene-based nitrifier and denitrifier communities in a calcareous desert soil
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Journal Article
Saline and alkaline stresses alter soil properties and composition and structure of gene-based nitrifier and denitrifier communities in a calcareous desert soil
2021
Overview
Background
Saline and alkaline stresses damages the health of soil systems. Meanwhile, little is known about how saline or alkaline stress affects soil nitrifier and denitrifier communities. Therefore, we compared the responses of gene-based nitrifier and denitrifier communities to chloride (CS), sulfate (SS), and alkaline (AS) stresses with those in a no-stress control (CK) in pots with a calcareous desert soil.
Results
Compared with CK, saline and alkaline stress decreased potential nitrification rate (PNR) and NO
3
-N; increased pH, salinity, water content, and NH
4
-N; and decreased copy numbers of
amoA
-AOA and
amoA
-AOB genes but increased those of denitrifier
nirS
and
nosZ
genes. Copies of
nirK
increased in SS and AS but decreased in CS. There were more copies of
amoA
-AOB than of
amoA
-AOA and of
nirS
than of
nirK
or
nosZ
. Compared with CK, SS and AS decreased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of
amoA
-AOB but increased those of
nirS
and
nosZ
, whereas CS decreased
nirK
OTUs but increased those of
nosZ
. The numbers of OTUs and
amoA
-AOB genes were greater than those of
amoA
-AOA. There were positive linear relations between PNR and
amoA
-AOA and
amoA
-AOB copies. Compared with CK, the Chao 1 index of
amoA
-AOA and
amoA
-AOB decreased in AS, that of
nirK
increased in CS and SS, but that of
nirS
and
nosZ
increased in all treatments. The Shannon index of
amoA
-AOB decreased but that of
nirS
increased in CS and SS, whereas the index of
nirK
decreased in all treatments. Saline and alkaline stress greatly affected the structure of nitrifier and denitrifier communities and decreased potential biomarkers of
nirS
-type; however, AS increased those of
nirK
- and
nosZ
-type, and SS decreased those of
nosZ
-type. Soil water content, pH, and salinity were important in shaping
amoA
-AOA and denitrifier communities, whereas soil water and pH were important to
amoA
-AOB communities.
Conclusion
These results indicate that the nitrifier and denitrifier communities respond to saline and alkaline stresses conditions. Communities of
amoA
-AOA and
amoA
-AOB contribute to nitrification in alluvial gray desert soil, and those of
nirS
are more important in denitrification than those of
nirK
or
nosZ
.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Bacterial community diversity
/ Biomass
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Cotton
/ Deserts
/ Genes
/ Mycology
/ Plants
/ Potential nitrification rate
/ Salinity
/ Salt
/ Soils
/ Virology
