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Journal Article
Pathways involved in pony body size development
2021
Overview
Background
The mechanism of body growth in mammals is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory networks involved in body growth through transcriptomic analysis of pituitary and epiphyseal tissues of smaller sized Debao ponies and Mongolian horses at the juvenile and adult stages.
Results
We found that
growth hormone receptor
(
GHR
) was expressed at low levels in long bones, although g
rowth hormone
(
GH
) was highly expressed in Debao ponies compared with Mongolian horses. Moreover, significant downregulated of the
GHR
pathway components
m-RAS
and
ATF3
was found in juvenile ponies, which slowed the proliferation of bone osteocytes. However,
WNT2
and
PLCβ2
were obviously upregulated in juvenile Debao ponies, which led to premature mineralization of the bone extracellular matrix. Furthermore, we found that the
WNT/Ca
2+
pathway may be responsible for regulating body growth.
GHR
was demonstrated by q-PCR and Western blot analyses to be expressed at low levels in long bones of Debao ponies. Treatment with WNT antagonistI decreased the expression of
WNT
pathway components (
P
< 0.05) in vitro. Transduction of ATDC5 cells with a GHR-RNAi lentiviral vector decreased the expression of the
GHR
pathway components (
P
< 0.05). Additionally, the expression of the
IGF-1
gene in the liver was lower in Debao ponies than in Mongolian horses at the juvenile and adult stages. Detection of plasma hormone concentrations showed that Debao ponies expressed higher levels of IGF-1 as juveniles and higher levels of GH as adults than Mongolian horses, indicating that the hormone regulation in Debao ponies differs from that in Mongolian horses.
Conclusion
Our work provides insights into the genetic regulation of short stature growth in mammals and can provide useful information for the development of therapeutic strategies for small size.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
Activating transcription factor 3
/ Animal Genetics and Genomics
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Bones
/ Calcium
/ Cellular signal transduction
/ Dwarfism
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Growth
/ Horses
/ Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
/ Mammals
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Mutation
/ Non-human and non-rodent vertebrate genomics
/ Ponies
/ RNA-seq
