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Genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and Vancomycin resistance of clinical Clostridium innocuum isolates
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Genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and Vancomycin resistance of clinical Clostridium innocuum isolates
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Journal Article
Genetic diversity, biofilm formation, and Vancomycin resistance of clinical Clostridium innocuum isolates
2024
Overview
Background
Clostridium innocuum
, previously considered a commensal microbe, is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium.
C
.
innocuum
displays inherent resistance to vancomycin and is associated with extra-intestinal infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel disease. This study seeks to establish a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to explore the correlation between
C
.
innocuum
genotyping and its potential pathogenic phenotypes.
Methods
Fifty-two
C
.
innocuum
isolates from Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) in Taiwan and 60 sequence-available
C
.
innocuum
isolates from the National Center for Biotechnolgy Information Genome Database were included. The concentrated sequence of housekeeping genes in
C
.
innocuum
was determined by amplicon sequencing and used for MLST and phylogenetic analyses. The biofilm production activity of the
C
.
innocuum
isolates was determined by crystal violet staining.
Results
Of the 112
C
.
innocuum
isolates, 58 sequence types were identified. Maximum likelihood estimation categorized 52 CGMH isolates into two phylogenetic clades. These isolates were found to be biofilm producers, with isolates in clade I exhibiting significantly higher biofilm production than isolates in clade II. The sub-inhibitory concentration of vancomycin seemed to minimally influence biofilm production by
C
.
innocuum
isolates. Nevertheless,
C
.
innocuum
embedded in the biofilm structure demonstrated resistance to vancomycin treatments at a concentration greater than 256 µg/mL.
Conclusions
This study suggests that a specific genetic clade of
C
.
innocuum
produces a substantial amount of biofilm. Furthermore, this phenotype assists
C
.
innocuum
in resisting high concentrations of vancomycin, which may potentially play undefined roles in
C
.
innocuum
pathogenesis.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Bacteria
/ Biofilm
/ Biofilms
/ Biofilms - growth & development
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Clostridium - classification
/ Clostridium - isolation & purification
/ Clostridium Infections - microbiology
/ Complications and side effects
/ Diarrhea
/ Drug resistance in microorganisms
/ Genomes
/ Genomics
/ Genotype
/ Humans
/ Identification and classification
/ Maximum likelihood estimation
/ MLST
/ Mycology
/ Phenols
/ Taiwan
/ Vancomycin Resistance - genetics
/ Virology
