Journal Article

Keratoconus in pre-teen children: Demographics and clinical profile

Vaddavalli, Pravin, Tharini, Bhava, Ali, Hasnat, Reddy, Jagadesh C, Borrone, Maria Agustina, Sahebjada, Srujana

2022

Overview

Purpose: To study the demographics and clinical profile of keratoconus (KC) presenting in pre-teen children in India. Methods: This was a retrospective case series conducted as a single-institutional study at a tertiary eye center in India. A total of 586 eyes from 294 KC patients (aged 12 years or less) without any active comorbid conditions of the eye were included in the study. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was used to document the clinical signs of KC. Information on age; gender; reason for consultation; family history; history of allergy, atopy, and eye rubbing; manifest refraction; uncorrected and best-corrected distance visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA, respectively); clinical presentation; and contact lens usage were also analyzed, along with data on types of medical and surgical treatments for KC and their outcomes. Results: The mean age of this pediatric KC patient cohort was 9.3 ± 1.8 years, and there was a male (70%) preponderance. Baseline mean UCVA, BCVA, steep keratometry, and flat keratometry were 0.86 ± 0.58 logMAR, 0.44 ± 0.38 logMAR, 54.82 ± 8.4 D, and 48.21 ± 9.5 D, respectively. Progression, necessitating collagen crosslinking (CXL), was noted in 12.7% eyes. Post-CXL, visual and topographic parameters remained stable without any complications till 6 months posttreatment. However, in eyes that did not undergo CXL, significant progression over time (P < 0.001) was observed. A keratoplasty was required in 2.3% eyes. Conclusion: KC was present at an advanced stage in 25% of the pre-teens in our series, and therefore, it is an important diagnostic entity when a refractive error is diagnosed, even in very young children.

• Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd,Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd,Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd,Wolters Kluwer - Medknow,Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subject: Acuity / Adolescent / Atopy / Care and treatment / Child / Child, Preschool / Children / Collagen / Collagen - therapeutic use / Cornea / Corneal Topography / Corneal transplantation / Cross-Linking Reagents - therapeutic use / crosslinking / Demography / Diagnosis / Diseases / early detection / Eye / Follow-Up Studies / Humans / Keratoconus / Keratoconus - diagnosis / Keratoconus - epidemiology / Keratoconus - therapy / keratoconus progression / Male / Original / Original Article / Patients / pediatric keratoconus / Pediatrics / Photosensitizing Agents - therapeutic use / Refraction, Ocular / Retrospective Studies / Riboflavin - therapeutic use / Ultraviolet Rays / Visual Acuity