Journal Article

Plasma Visfatin Concentrations and Fat Depot–Specific mRNA Expression in Humans

Susan Kralisch, Nora Klöting, Peter Kovacs, Mathias Fasshauer, Michael R. Schön, Matthias Blüher, Janin Berndt, Michael Stumvoll

2005

Overview

Plasma Visfatin Concentrations and Fat Depot–Specific mRNA Expression in Humans Janin Berndt 1 , Nora Klöting 2 , Susan Kralisch 2 , Peter Kovacs 2 , Mathias Fasshauer 2 , Michael R. Schön 3 , Michael Stumvoll 2 and Matthias Blüher 1 2 1 Junior Research Group, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 3 Department of Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Address correspondence and reprint requests to Michael Stumvoll, MD, University of Leipzig, Medical Department III, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany. E-mail: michael.stumvoll{at}medizin.uni-leipzig.de Abstract Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue display important metabolic differences that underlie the association of visceral obesity with obesity-related cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. Recently, visfatin was identified as an adipokine, which is predominantly secreted from visceral adipose tissue both in humans and mice. In this study, we examined whether visfatin plasma concentrations (using enzyme immunosorbent assay) and mRNA expression (using RT-PCR) in visceral and subcutaneous fat correlates with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in 189 subjects with a wide range of obesity, body fat distribution, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance. Visfatin plasma concentration correlates positively with the visceral visfatin mRNA expression ( r 2 = 0.17, P < 0.0001), BMI ( r 2 = 0.062, P = 0.004), percent body fat ( r 2 = 0.048, P = 0.01), and negatively with subcutaneous visfatin mRNA expression ( r 2 = 0.18, P < 0.0001). However, in a subgroup of 73 individuals, in which visceral fat mass was calculated from computed tomography scans, there was no correlation between plasma visfatin concentrations and visceral fat mass. We found no significant correlation between visfatin plasma concentrations and parameters of insulin sensitivity, including fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose concentrations, and the glucose infusion rate during the steady state of an euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp independent of percent body fat. Visfatin gene expression was not different between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the entire study group nor in selected subgroups. We found a significant correlation between visceral visfatin gene expression and BMI ( r 2 = 0.06, P = 0.001) and percent body fat (measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) ( r 2 = 0.044, P = 0.004), whereas no significant association between BMI or percent body fat and subcutaneous visfatin mRNA expression existed (both P >0.5). In conclusion, visfatin plasma concentrations and visceral visfatin mRNA expression correlated with measures of obesity but not with visceral fat mass or waist-to-hip ratio. In addition, we did not find differences in visfatin mRNA expression between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans. OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test WHR, waist-to-hip ratio Footnotes Accepted June 28, 2005. Received March 30, 2005. DIABETES

• Publisher: American Diabetes Association
• Subject: Absorptiometry, Photon / Adipose Tissue - chemistry / Adult / Aged / Biological and medical sciences / Blood Glucose - analysis / Body Composition / Body Mass Index / Cardiovascular diseases / Cytokines - blood / Cytokines - genetics / Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance / Dosage and administration / Drug therapy / Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) / Endocrinopathies / Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance / Fasting / Female / Fibrinolytic agents / Gene Expression / Glucose Clamp Technique / Glucose Tolerance Test / Humans / Insulin - blood / Insulin - pharmacology / Male / Medical sciences / Messenger RNA / Middle Aged / Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Obesity - blood / Obesity - metabolism / Risk factors / RNA, Messenger - analysis / Thrombolytic drugs / Type 2 diabetes / Viscera / Waist-Hip Ratio