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Age trajectories of functional activation under conditions of low and high processing demands: An adult lifespan fMRI study of the aging brain
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Age trajectories of functional activation under conditions of low and high processing demands: An adult lifespan fMRI study of the aging brain
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Journal Article
Age trajectories of functional activation under conditions of low and high processing demands: An adult lifespan fMRI study of the aging brain
2015
Overview
We examined functional activation across the adult lifespan in 316 healthy adults aged 20–89years on a judgment task that, across conditions, drew upon both semantic knowledge and ability to modulate neural function in response to cognitive challenge. Activation in core regions of the canonical semantic network (e.g., left IFG) were largely age-invariant, consistent with cognitive aging studies that show verbal knowledge is preserved across the lifespan. However, we observed a steady linear increase in activation with age in regions outside the core network, possibly as compensation to maintain function. Under conditions of increased task demands, we observed a stepwise reduction across the lifespan of modulation of activation to increasing task demands in cognitive control regions (frontal, parietal, anterior cingulate), paralleling the neural equivalent of “processing resources” described by cognitive aging theories. Middle-age was characterized by decreased modulation to task-demand in subcortical regions (caudate, nucleus accumbens, thalamus), and very old individuals showed reduced modulation to task difficulty in midbrain/brainstem regions (ventral tegmental, substantia nigra). These novel findings suggest that aging of activation to demand follows a gradient along the dopaminergic/nigrostriatal system, with earliest manifestation in fronto-parietal regions, followed by deficits in subcortical nuclei in middle-age and then to midbrain/brainstem dopaminergic regions in the very old.
•Lifespan sample age 20–89 finds increasing activation with age on semantic judgment.•When processing demands are increased, modulation of activation declines with age.•Modulation decline gradient: higher to lower nigrostriatal regions as age increases.•Modulation decline is stepwise with age: steep drops in middle- and very old ages.
Publisher
Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited
Subject
/ Adult
/ Adults
/ Age
/ Aged
/ Aging
/ Brain
/ Brain - growth & development
/ Corpus Striatum - physiology
/ Demand
/ Female
/ fMRI
/ Humans
/ Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
/ Judgment
/ Lifespan
/ Male
/ Memory
/ Networks
/ Nuclei
/ Psychomotor Performance - physiology
/ Studies
/ Substantia Nigra - physiology
/ Tasks
