Journal Article

Salivary microbiome changes distinguish response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with oral cancer

Rozek, Laura, Eisbruch, Avi, Wolf, Gregory T., The, Stephanie, Murphy, George R., Murdoch-Kinch, Carol Anne, Schmitd, Ligia, Russo, Nickole, Danella, Erika, Sartor, Maureen A., Bassis, Christine, Lombaert, Isabelle, Chen, Grace Y., D’Silva, Nisha J., Bellile, Emily, Medeiros, Marcell Costa de, Singh, Priyanka, Li, Gen, Schmidt, Thomas M., Banerjee, Rajat

2023

Overview

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with oral microbial dysbiosis. In this unique study, we compared pre- to post-treatment salivary microbiome in patients with SCC by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and examined how microbiome changes correlated with the expression of an anti-microbial protein. Results Treatment of SCC was associated with a reduction in overall bacterial richness and diversity. There were significant changes in the microbial community structure, including a decrease in the abundance of Porphyromonaceae and Prevotellaceae and an increase in Lactobacillaceae . There were also significant changes in the microbial community structure before and after treatment with chemoradiotherapy, but not with surgery alone. In patients treated with chemoradiotherapy alone, several bacterial populations were differentially abundant between responders and non-responders before and after therapy. Microbiome changes were associated with a change in the expression of DMBT1, an anti-microbial protein in human saliva. Additionally, we found that salivary DMBT1, which increases after treatment, could serve as a post-treatment salivary biomarker that links to microbial changes. Specifically, post-treatment increases in human salivary DMBT1 correlated with increased abundance of Gemella spp., Pasteurellaceae spp . , Lactobacillus spp., and Oribacterium spp . This is the first longitudinal study to investigate treatment-associated changes (chemoradiotherapy and surgery) in the oral microbiome in patients with SCC along with changes in expression of an anti-microbial protein in saliva. Conclusions The composition of the oral microbiota may predict treatment responses; salivary DMBT1 may have a role in modulating the oral microbiome in patients with SCC. Graphical Abstract After completion of treatment, 6 months after diagnosis, patients had a less diverse and less rich oral microbiome. Leptotrichia was a highly prevalent bacteria genus associated with disease. Expression of DMBT1 was higher after treatment and associated with microbiome changes, the most prominent genus being Gemella -6tcCpfJtMWsEpEDBUWdC3 Video Abstract

• Publisher: BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
• Subject: Bacteria / Bacteria - genetics / Bioinformatics / Biomarkers / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Biomedicine / Brain cancer / Calcium-Binding Proteins / Cancer patients / Cancer therapies / Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Chemoradiotherapy / Chemotherapy / Community structure / Comparative analysis / Cross-sectional studies / Discriminant analysis / DMBT1 protein / DNA-Binding Proteins / Dysbacteriosis / Homeostasis / Humans / Longitudinal Studies / Medical Microbiology / Melanoma / Microbial Ecology / Microbial Genetics and Genomics / Microbiology / Microbiomes / Microbiota / Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) / Microbiota - genetics / Microorganisms / Mouth Neoplasms - therapy / Oral cancer / Oral carcinoma / Oral squamous cell carcinoma / Patients / Proteins / Radiation therapy / RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics / rRNA 16S / Saliva / Saliva - microbiology / Squamous cell carcinoma / Surgery / Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Tumors / Virology