Journal Article

Effects of dietary fat modification on insulin sensitivity and on other risk factors of the metabolic syndrome-LIPGENE: a European randomized dietary intervention study

Saris, W. H. M, Uppsala University, Williams, C. M, EU [505944, FOOD-2003-CT-505944]; Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation; South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority; Johan Throne Holst Foundation for Nutrition Research; Freia Medical Research Foundation, Defoort, Catherine, Drevon, C. A, Dembinska-Kiec, A, Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Vessby, B, Tierney, A. C, Lopez-Miranda, J, Gibney, M. J, Helal, Olfa, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University = Université Jagellon de Cracovie (UJ), Shaw, D. I, Gulseth, H. L, Paniagua, J. A, Inst Food & Hlth ; UCD, Nutr & Toxicol Res Inst Maastricht, Dept Human Biol ; Partenaires INRAE, Blaak, E. E, University of Reading (UOR), Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques ; Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lovegrove, J. A, Mcmonagle, J, Karsltrom, B, Roche, H. M, University of Oslo (

2011

Overview

Background: Excessive energy intake and obesity lead to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) may be particularly detrimental on insulin sensitivity (SI) and on other components of the MetS. Objective: This study determined the relative efficacy of reducing dietary SFA, by isoenergetic alteration of the quality and quantity of dietary fat, on risk factors associated with MetS. Design: A free-living, single-blinded dietary intervention study. Subjects and Methods: MetS subjects (n = 417) from eight European countries completed the randomized dietary intervention study with four isoenergetic diets distinct in fat quantity and quality: high-SFA; high-monounsaturated fatty acids and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate (LFHCC) diets, supplemented with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) (1.2 g per day) or placebo for 12 weeks. SI estimated from an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was the primary outcome measure. Lipid and inflammatory markers associated with MetS were also determined. Results: In weight-stable subjects, reducing dietary SFA intake had no effect on SI, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, inflammation or blood pressure in the entire cohort. The LFHCC n-3 PUFA diet reduced plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (P<0.01), particularly in men. Conclusion: There was no effect of reducing SFA on SI in weight-stable obese MetS subjects. LC n-3 PUFA supplementation, in association with a low-fat diet, improved TAG-related MetS risk profiles. International Journal of Obesity (2011) 35, 800-809; doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.209; published online 12 October 2010

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group,CCSD,Nature Publishing Group UK
• Subject: 692/499 / 692/699/2743/2037 / 692/700/459/1994 / administration & dosage / adverse effects / Biological and medical sciences / blood / Blood pressure / Cholesterol / Diet / diet therapy / Diet, Fat-Restricted / Diet, Fat-Restricted - methods / Dietary fat / Dietary Fats / Dietary Fats - administration & dosage / Dietary Fats - metabolism / energy intake / Energy Intake - physiology / Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay / Epidemiology / Europe / Fatty Acids / Fatty Acids - administration & dosage / Fatty Acids - adverse effects / Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage / Feeding Behavior / Feeding Behavior - physiology / Female / free fatty acids / General aspects / Glucose tolerance tests / Glycerol / Glycerol - blood / Health Promotion and Disease Prevention / Humans / inflammation / Insulin / insulin resistance / Insulin Resistance - physiology / Internal Medicine / Intervention / Life Sciences / low density lipoprotein / low fat diet / Male / Medical sciences / MEDICIN / MEDICINE / Medicine & Public Health / men / Metabolic Diseases / Metabolic disorders / metabolic syndrome / Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control / Metabolic syndrome X / metabolism / methods / Middle Aged / Miscellaneous / nutritional intervention / Obesity / Obesity - diet therapy / Obesity - metabolism / omega-3 fatty acids / original-article / Other metabolic disorders / Physiological aspects / physiology / Polyunsaturated fatty acids / prevention & control / Public Health / Public health. Hygiene / Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine / risk / Risk Factors / saturated fatty acids / triacylglycerols
• ISBN: 0002916761000