Journal Article

Characteristics, comorbidities and survival analysis of young adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City

Altonen, Brian L., Leroux, Ofelia, Arreglado, Tatiana M., Engdahl, Ryan, Murray-Ramcharan, Max

2020

Overview

This study reviewed 395 young adults, 18–35 year-old, admitted for COVID-19 to one of the eleven hospitals in New York City public health system. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical course, outcomes and characteristics linked to hospitalization were analyzed including temporal survival analysis. Fifty-seven percent of patients had a least one major comorbidity. Mortality without comorbidity was in 3.8% patients. Further investigation of admission features and medical history was conducted. Comorbidities associated with mortality were diabetes (n = 54 deceased/73 diagnosed,74% tested POS;98.2% with diabetic history deceased; Wilcoxon p ( Wp ) = .044), hypertension (14/44,32% POS, 25.5%; Wp = 0.030), renal (6/16, 37.5% POS,11%; Wp = 0.000), and cardiac (6/21, 28.6% POS,11%; Wp = 0.015). Kaplan survival plots were statistically significant for these four indicators. Data suggested glucose >215 or hemoglobin A1c >9.5 for young adults on admission was associated with increased mortality. Clinically documented respiratory distress on admission was statistically significant outcome related to mortality ( X 2 = 236.6842, df = 1, p < .0001). Overall, 28.9% required supportive oxygen beyond nasal cannula. Nasal cannula oxygen alone was required for 71.1%, who all lived. Non-invasive ventilation was required for 7.8%, and invasive mechanical ventilation 21.0% (in which 7.3% lived, 13.7% died). Temporal survival analysis demonstrated statistically significant response for Time to Death <10 days ( X 2 = 18.508, df = 1, p = .000); risk lessened considerably for 21 day cut off ( X 2 = 3.464, df = 1, p = .063), followed by 31 or more days of hospitalization ( X 2 = 2.212, df = 1, p = .137).

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Adolescent / Adult / Adults / Body mass index / Cardiovascular Diseases - complications / Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality / Cardiovascular Diseases - therapy / Cardiovascular Diseases - virology / Care and treatment / Comorbidity / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - mortality / COVID-19 - pathology / COVID-19 - therapy / COVID-19 - virology / Datasets / Demographic aspects / Demography / Diabetes Complications - complications / Diabetes Complications - mortality / Diabetes Complications - pathology / Diabetes Complications - virology / Diabetes mellitus / Female / Gestational diabetes / Health aspects / Health risks / Hemoglobin / Humans / Hypertension / Hypertension - complications / Hypertension - mortality / Hypertension - therapy / Hypertension - virology / Kidney Diseases - complications / Kidney Diseases - mortality / Kidney Diseases - therapy / Kidney Diseases - virology / Laboratories / Male / Mechanical ventilation / Medical materials / Medicine and Health Sciences / Mortality / New York City - epidemiology / Oxygen / Oxygen - therapeutic use / Pandemics / Patient outcomes / Patients / People and Places / Physical Sciences / Public health / Respiratory Distress Syndrome - complications / Respiratory Distress Syndrome - mortality / Respiratory Distress Syndrome - therapy / Respiratory Distress Syndrome - virology / SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity / Statistical analysis / Survival / Tubes / Ventilation / Young Adult / Young adults