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Journal Article
A Head of State Leading by Example
2022
Overview
Before the introduction of smallpox vaccine, variolation was practiced as a preventive measure (i.e., deliberate infection with smallpox to provide immunity), most commonly by inserting or rubbing material from smallpox lesions into the skin of uninfected persons. Most persons thus infected would get a milder case of smallpox as the virus was generally introduced via the skin rather than via the respiratory route, as is the case of natural exposure. Infection occurring in this manner could still be transmitted by droplets to others who could develop a full-blown case of smallpox. Variolation developed over several centuries in many different sites including China, India, Sudan, Asia Minor, and Britain. Because variolation was reputed to have risk of inducing severe disease, variolation hesitancy existed long before the smallpox vaccine and its associated vaccine hesitancy. Inoculation with materials putatively derived from cowpox lesions (vaccination) or from horsepox lesions (equination) was a welcomed advance because it was safer and did not present the hazard of onward transmission of smallpox to the contacts of recipients.
Publisher
U.S. National Center for Infectious Diseases,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Subject
