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Cytoplasmic Compartmentalization of the Fetal piRNA Pathway in Mice
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Cytoplasmic Compartmentalization of the Fetal piRNA Pathway in Mice
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Journal Article
Cytoplasmic Compartmentalization of the Fetal piRNA Pathway in Mice
2009
Overview
Derepression of transposable elements (TEs) in the course of epigenetic reprogramming of the mouse embryonic germline necessitates the existence of a robust defense that is comprised of PIWI/piRNA pathway and de novo DNA methylation machinery. To gain further insight into biogenesis and function of piRNAs, we studied the intracellular localization of piRNA pathway components and used the combination of genetic, molecular, and cell biological approaches to examine the performance of the piRNA pathway in germ cells of mice lacking Maelstrom (MAEL), an evolutionarily conserved protein implicated in transposon silencing in fruit flies and mice. Here we show that principal components of the fetal piRNA pathway, MILI and MIWI2 proteins, localize to two distinct types of germinal cytoplasmic granules and exhibit differential association with components of the mRNA degradation/translational repression machinery. The first type of granules, pi-bodies, contains the MILI-TDRD1 module of the piRNA pathway and is likely equivalent to the enigmatic \"cementing material\" first described in electron micrographs of rat gonocytes over 35 years ago. The second type of granules, piP-bodies, harbors the MIWI2-TDRD9-MAEL module of the piRNA pathway and signature components of P-bodies, GW182, DCP1a, DDX6/p54, and XRN1 proteins. piP-bodies are found predominantly in the proximity of pi-bodies and the two frequently share mouse VASA homolog (MVH) protein, an RNA helicase. In Mael-mutant gonocytes, MIWI2, TDRD9, and MVH are lost from piP-bodies, whereas no effects on pi-body composition are observed. Further analysis revealed that MAEL appears to specifically facilitate MIWI2-dependent aspects of the piRNA pathway including biogenesis of secondary piRNAs, de novo DNA methylation, and efficient downregulation of TEs. Cumulatively, our data reveal elaborate cytoplasmic compartmentalization of the fetal piRNA pathway that relies on MAEL function.
Publisher
Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subject
/ Cell Biology/Gene Expression
/ Cytoplasmic Granules - metabolism
/ Developmental Biology/Embryology
/ Developmental Biology/Germ Cells
/ Genetics
/ Genetics and Genomics/Animal Genetics
/ Genetics and Genomics/Chromosome Biology
/ Genetics and Genomics/Epigenetics
/ Genetics and Genomics/Gene Expression
/ Genetics and Genomics/Gene Function
/ Genomes
/ Labeling
/ Mice
/ Molecular Biology/DNA Methylation
/ Molecular Biology/mRNA Stability
/ Molecular Biology/mRNA Transport and Localization
/ Molecular Biology/Post-Translational Regulation of Gene Expression
/ Molecular Biology/Translational Regulation
/ Proteins
/ RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
