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Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
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Journal Article
Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
2007
Overview
Multigene diseases
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) — a broad classification that includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis — are multigenic disorders that are also linked to various environmental components. Despite this complexity, considerable progress has been made in unravelling their pathogenesis. Ramnik Xavier and Daniel Podolsky review recent developments in the field. The genetics of IBDs point to roles for epithelial barrier function, innate and adaptive immunity in pathogenesis, while key environmental factors include commensal bacteria which may provoke dysregulated immune responses in the susceptible host. The advances made in understanding IBDs show what is possible in dissecting the pathogenesis of complex disorders: similar unbundling may be possible in heart disease, diabetes and other multigenic disorders. The cover shows an image of an activated human macrophage, one of several cell populations key to the pathogenesis of IBD.
Recently, substantial advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been made owing to three related lines of investigation. First, IBD has been found to be the most tractable of complex disorders for discovering susceptibility genes, and these have shown the importance of epithelial barrier function, and innate and adaptive immunity in disease pathogenesis. Second, efforts directed towards the identification of environmental factors implicate commensal bacteria (or their products), rather than conventional pathogens, as drivers of dysregulated immunity and IBD. Third, murine models, which exhibit many of the features of ulcerative colitis and seem to be bacteria-driven, have helped unravel the pathogenesis/mucosal immunopathology of IBD.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Bacteria
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen
/ Genetic Predisposition to Disease
/ Genetics
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Humans
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - genetics
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - immunology
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - microbiology
/ Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - physiopathology
/ Intestinal Mucosa - immunology
/ Intestinal Mucosa - pathology
/ Intestinal Mucosa - physiopathology
/ Rodents
/ Science
