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Antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Lactic Acid Bacteria of aquatic origin intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture
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Antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Lactic Acid Bacteria of aquatic origin intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture
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Antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Lactic Acid Bacteria of aquatic origin intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture
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Journal Article
Antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Lactic Acid Bacteria of aquatic origin intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture
2013
Overview
Background
The microorganisms intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture should exert antimicrobial activity and be regarded as safe not only for the aquatic hosts but also for their surrounding environments and humans. The objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial/bacteriocin activity against fish pathogens, the antibiotic susceptibility, and the prevalence of virulence factors and detrimental enzymatic activities in 99 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) (59 enterococci and 40 non-enterococci) isolated from aquatic animals regarded as human food.
Results
These LAB displayed a broad antimicrobial/bacteriocin activity against the main Gram-positive and Gram-negative fish pathogens. However, particular safety concerns based on antibiotic resistance and virulence factors were identified in the genus
Enterococcus
(86%) (
Enterococcus faecalis
, 100%;
E. faecium,
79%). Antibiotic resistance was also found in the genera
Weissella
(60%),
Pediococcus
(44%),
Lactobacillus
(33%), but not in leuconostocs and lactococci. Antibiotic resistance genes were found in 7.5% of the non-enterococci, including the genera
Pediococcus
(12.5%) and
Weissella
(6.7%). One strain of both
Pediococcus pentosaceus
and
Weissella cibaria
carried the erythromycin resistance gene
mef
(A/E), and another two
P. pentosaceus
strains harboured
lnu
(A) conferring resistance to lincosamides. Gelatinase activity was found in
E. faecalis
and
E. faecium
(71 and 11%, respectively), while a low number of
E. faecalis
(5%) and none
E. faecium
exerted hemolytic activity. None enterococci and non-enterococci showed bile deconjugation and mucin degradation abilities, or other detrimental enzymatic activities.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first description of
mef
(A/E) in the genera
Pediococcus
and
Weissella
, and
lnu
(A) in the genus
Pediococcus
. The
in vitro
subtractive screening presented in this work constitutes a valuable strategy for the large-scale preliminary selection of putatively safe LAB intended for use as probiotics in aquaculture.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
Subject
/ Animals
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Anti-fish pathogens activity
/ Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors
/ Aquatic Organisms - microbiology
/ Bacteria
/ Bile
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Drug resistance in microorganisms
/ Food
/ Lactobacillales - drug effects
/ Lactobacillales - isolation & purification
/ Lactobacillales - metabolism
/ Lactobacillales - pathogenicity
/ mucin
/ Mycology
/ Qualified Presumption of Safety
/ Taxonomy
/ Virology
