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Ku Regulates the Non-Homologous End Joining Pathway Choice of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Human Somatic Cells
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Ku Regulates the Non-Homologous End Joining Pathway Choice of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Human Somatic Cells
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Journal Article
Ku Regulates the Non-Homologous End Joining Pathway Choice of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Human Somatic Cells
2010
Overview
The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is critical for the maintenance of genomic integrity and viability for all organisms. Mammals have evolved at least two genetically discrete ways to mediate DNA DSB repair: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). In mammalian cells, most DSBs are preferentially repaired by NHEJ. Recent work has demonstrated that NHEJ consists of at least two sub-pathways-the main Ku heterodimer-dependent or \"classic\" NHEJ (C-NHEJ) pathway and an \"alternative\" NHEJ (A-NHEJ) pathway, which usually generates microhomology-mediated signatures at repair junctions. In our study, recombinant adeno-associated virus knockout vectors were utilized to construct a series of isogenic human somatic cell lines deficient in the core C-NHEJ factors (Ku, DNA-PK(cs), XLF, and LIGIV), and the resulting cell lines were characterized for their ability to carry out DNA DSB repair. The absence of DNA-PK(cs), XLF, or LIGIV resulted in cell lines that were profoundly impaired in DNA DSB repair activity. Unexpectedly, Ku86-null cells showed wild-type levels of DNA DSB repair activity that was dominated by microhomology joining events indicative of A-NHEJ. Importantly, A-NHEJ DNA DSB repair activity could also be efficiently de-repressed in LIGIV-null and DNA-PK(cs)-null cells by subsequently reducing the level of Ku70. These studies demonstrate that in human cells C-NHEJ is the major DNA DSB repair pathway and they show that Ku is the critical C-NHEJ factor that regulates DNA NHEJ DSB pathway choice.
Publisher
Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subject
/ Animals
/ DNA Repair Enzymes - deficiency
/ DNA Repair Enzymes - metabolism
/ DNA-Activated Protein Kinase - deficiency
/ DNA-Activated Protein Kinase - metabolism
/ DNA-Binding Proteins - deficiency
/ DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
/ Enzymes
/ Genetics
/ Genetics and Genomics/Gene Function
/ Haploidy
/ Humans
/ Kinases
/ Molecular Biology/DNA Repair
/ Molecular Biology/Recombination
/ Nuclear Proteins - deficiency
/ Nuclear Proteins - metabolism
/ Plasmids
/ Proteins
