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Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals flavonoid biosynthesis regulation in Rhododendron pulchrum petals
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Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals flavonoid biosynthesis regulation in Rhododendron pulchrum petals
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Journal Article
Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals flavonoid biosynthesis regulation in Rhododendron pulchrum petals
2022
Overview
Background
Color is the major ornamental feature of the
Rhododendron
genus, and it is related to the contents of flavonoid in petals. However, the regulatory mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in
Rhododendron pulchrum
remains unknown. The transcriptome and metabolome analysis of
Rhododendron pulchrum
with white, pink and purple color in this study aimed to reveal the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis and to provide insight for improving the petal color.
Results
Flavonoids and flavonols are the major components of flavonoid metabolites in
R.pulchrum
, such as laricitrin, apigenin, tricin, luteolin, isoorientin, isoscutellarein, diosmetin and their glycosides derivatives. With transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we found
CHS, FLS, F3’H, F3′5’H, DFR, ANS
,
GT, FNS
,
IFR
and
FAOMT
genes showed significantly differential expression in cultivar ‘Zihe'.
FNS and IFR
were discovered to be associated with coloration in
R.pulchrum
for the first time. The
FNS
gene existed in the form of
FNSI.
The
IFR
gene and its related metabolites of medicarpin derivatives were highly expressed in purple petal. In cultivar ‘Fenhe', up-regulation of
F3’H
and
F3′5’H
and down-regulation of
4CL, DFR, ANS,
and
GT
were associated with pink coloration. With the transcription factor analysis, a subfamily of
DREBs
was found to be specifically enriched in pink petals. This suggested that the
DREB
family play an important role in pink coloration. In cultivars ‘Baihe', flavonoid biosynthesis was inhibited by low expression of
CHS
, while pigment accumulation was inhibited by low expression of
F3′5'H, DFR
, and
GT
, which led to a white coloration.
Conclusions
By analyzing the transcriptome and metabolome of
R.pulchrum
, principal differential expression genes and metabolites of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were identified. Many novel metabolites, genes, and transcription factors associated with coloration have been discovered. To reveal the mechanism of the coloration of different petals, a model of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway of
R.pulchrum
was constructed. These results provide in depth information regarding the coloration of the petals and the flavonoid metabolism of
R.pulcherum
. The study of transcriptome and metabolome profiling gains insight for further genetic improvement in
Rhododendron
.
