Journal Article

Placental Sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Parasites Is Mediated by the Interaction Between VAR2CSA and Chondroitin Sulfate A on Syndecan-1

Ayres Pereira, Marina, Damm, Peter, Mandel Clausen, Thomas, Resende, Mafalda, Salanti, Ali, Mao, Yang, Daugaard, Mads, E. Knudsen, Lisbeth, G. Theander, Thor, R. Hansson, Stefan, Riis Kristensen, Anders, Pehrson, Caroline, Mathiesen, Line, Spliid, Charlotte, A. Nielsen, Morten

2016

Overview

During placental malaria, Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes sequester in the placenta, causing health problems for both the mother and fetus. The specific adherence is mediated by the VAR2CSA protein, which binds to placental chondroitin sulfate (CS) on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the placental syncytium. However, the identity of the CSPG core protein and the cellular impact of the interaction have remain elusive. In this study we identified the specific CSPG core protein to which the CS is attached, and characterized its exact placental location. VAR2CSA pull-down experiments using placental extracts from whole placenta or syncytiotrophoblast microvillous cell membranes showed three distinct CSPGs available for VAR2CSA adherence. Further examination of these three CSPGs by immunofluorescence and proximity ligation assays showed that syndecan-1 is the main receptor for VAR2CSA mediated placental adherence. We further show that the commonly used placental choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo, express a different set of proteoglycans than those present on placental syncytiotrophoblast and may not be the most biologically relevant model to study placental malaria. Syncytial fusion of the BeWo cells, triggered by forskolin treatment, caused an increased expression of placental CS-modified syndecan-1. In line with this, we show that rVAR2 binding to placental CS impairs syndecan-1-related Src signaling in forskolin treated BeWo cells, but not in untreated cells.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Antigens, Protozoan - metabolism / Biology and Life Sciences / Cellular proteins / Cellular signal transduction / Chondroitin sulfate / Chondroitin Sulfates - metabolism / Clinical Medicine / Colleges & universities / Erythrocytes / Experiments / Female / Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Funding / Genetic aspects / Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine / Gynekologi, obstetrik och reproduktionsmedicin / Health aspects / Health problems / Humans / Immunohistochemistry / Klinisk medicin / Localization / Malaria / Malaria, Falciparum - metabolism / Malaria, Falciparum - parasitology / Mass Spectrometry / Medical and Health Sciences / Medical Biotechnology / Medicin och hälsovetenskap / Medicine and Health Sciences / Medicinsk bioteknologi / Microscopy, Confocal / Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Parasites / Placenta / Placenta - metabolism / Placenta - parasitology / Plasmodium falciparum / Pregnancy / Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - metabolism / Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - parasitology / Proteins / Research and Analysis Methods / Sulfates / Syndecan-1 - metabolism / Vector-borne diseases / Virulence (Microbiology)