Journal Article

Plasma Free Amino Acid Profiling of Five Types of Cancer Patients and Its Application for Early Detection

Miyagi, Yohei, Tochikubo, Osamu, Ishikawa, Takashi, Higashiyama, Masahiko, Ikeda, Ichiro, Yamamoto, Hiroshi, Mitsushima, Toru, Miura, Takeshi, Oshita, Fumihiro, Imamura, Fumio, Horimoto, Katsuhisa, Gochi, Akira, Saruki, Nobuhiro, Moriyama, Masatoshi, Imaizumi, Akira, Okamoto, Naoyuki, Bando, Etsuro, Kimura, Hideki, Yamakado, Minoru, Chiba, Akihiko, Akaike, Makoto, Miyano, Hiroshi

2011

Overview

Recently, rapid advances have been made in metabolomics-based, easy-to-use early cancer detection methods using blood samples. Among metabolites, profiling of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) is a promising approach because PFAAs link all organ systems and have important roles in metabolism. Furthermore, PFAA profiles are known to be influenced by specific diseases, including cancers. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the characteristics of the PFAA profiles in cancer patients and the possibility of using this information for early detection. Plasma samples were collected from approximately 200 patients from multiple institutes, each diagnosed with one of the following five types of cancer: lung, gastric, colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer. Patients were compared to gender- and age- matched controls also used in this study. The PFAA levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in the PFAA profiles between the controls and the patients with any of the five types of cancer listed above, even those with asymptomatic early-stage disease. Furthermore, multivariate analysis clearly discriminated the cancer patients from the controls in terms of the area under the receiver-operator characteristics curve (AUC of ROC >0.75 for each cancer), regardless of cancer stage. Because this study was designed as case-control study, further investigations, including model construction and validation using cohorts with larger sample sizes, are necessary to determine the usefulness of PFAA profiling. These findings suggest that PFAA profiling has great potential for improving cancer screening and diagnosis and understanding disease pathogenesis. PFAA profiles can also be used to determine various disease diagnoses from a single blood sample, which involves a relatively simple plasma assay and imposes a lower physical burden on subjects when compared to existing screening methods.

• Publisher: Public Library of Science,Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subject: Aged / Amino acids / Analysis of Variance / Anorexia / Approximation / Biology / Blood / Breast cancer / Cancer / Cancer diagnosis / Cancer patients / Cancer research / Cancer screening / Cancer therapies / Care and treatment / Chemistry / Chemotherapy / Chromatography / Colorectal cancer / Development and progression / Disease control / Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood / Female / Gastric cancer / Health aspects / Hemodialysis / High performance liquid chromatography / Hospitals / Humans / Ionization / Kidney diseases / Liquid chromatography / Lung cancer / Male / Malnutrition / Mass spectrometry / Mass spectroscopy / Medical diagnosis / Medicine / Metabolism / Metabolites / Metabolomics / Middle Aged / Multivariate analysis / Neoplasms - blood / Oncology / Pathogenesis / Patients / Plasma / Prostate cancer / Proteins / Screening / Stomach cancer / Surgery / Thoracic surgery / Thyroid gland / Tumors / Urology