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Journal Article
An apical hypoxic niche sets the pace of shoot meristem activity
2019
Overview
Complex multicellular organisms evolved on Earth in an oxygen-rich atmosphere
1
; their tissues, including stem-cell niches, require continuous oxygen provision for efficient energy metabolism
2
. Notably, the maintenance of the pluripotent state of animal stem cells requires hypoxic conditions, whereas higher oxygen tension promotes cell differentiation
3
. Here we demonstrate, using a combination of genetic reporters and in vivo oxygen measurements, that plant shoot meristems develop embedded in a low-oxygen niche, and that hypoxic conditions are required to regulate the production of new leaves. We show that hypoxia localized to the shoot meristem inhibits the proteolysis of an N-degron-pathway
4
,
5
substrate known as LITTLE ZIPPER 2 (ZPR2)—which evolved to control the activity of the class-III homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factors
6
–
8
—and thereby regulates the activity of shoot meristems. Our results reveal oxygen as a diffusible signal that is involved in the control of stem-cell activity in plants grown under aerobic conditions, which suggests that the spatially distinct distribution of oxygen affects plant development. In molecular terms, this signal is translated into transcriptional regulation by the N-degron pathway, thereby linking the control of metabolic activity to the regulation of development in plants.
Hypoxia in the shoot meristem of
Arabidopsis
links the regulation of metabolic activity to development by inhibiting proteolysis of a substrate of the N-degron pathway, which controls class-III homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factors.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 38/77
/ 82/1
/ 96/35
/ 96/44
/ Analysis
/ Arabidopsis - growth & development
/ Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
/ Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ Genes
/ Growth
/ Homeobox
/ Humanities and Social Sciences
/ Hypoxia
/ Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism
/ Leaves
/ Letter
/ Leucine
/ Meristem
/ Meristem - growth & development
/ Oxygen
/ Plant Leaves - growth & development
/ Proteins
/ Science
/ Shoots
