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Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of Cymbidium ensifolium, an orchid of high economic and ornamental value
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Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of Cymbidium ensifolium, an orchid of high economic and ornamental value
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Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of Cymbidium ensifolium, an orchid of high economic and ornamental value
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Journal Article
Assembly and comparative analysis of the complete multichromosomal mitochondrial genome of Cymbidium ensifolium, an orchid of high economic and ornamental value
2024
Overview
Background
Orchidaceae is one of the largest groups of angiosperms, and most species have high economic value and scientific research value due to their ornamental and medicinal properties. In China, Chinese
Cymbidium
is a popular ornamental orchid with high economic value and a long history. However, to date, no detailed information on the mitochondrial genome of any species of Chinese
Cymbidium
has been published.
Results
Here, we present the complete assembly and annotation of the mitochondrial genome of
Cymbidium ensifolium
(L.) Sw. The mitogenome of
C. ensifolium
was 560,647 bp in length and consisted of 19 circular subgenomes ranging in size from 21,995 bp to 48,212 bp. The genome encoded 35 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNAs, 3 rRNAs, and 3405 ORFs. Repeat sequence analysis and prediction of RNA editing sites revealed a total of 915 dispersed repeats, 162 simple repeats, 45 tandem repeats, and 530 RNA editing sites. Analysis of codon usage showed a preference for codons ending in A/T. Interorganellar DNA transfer was identified in 13 of the 19 chromosomes, with plastid-derived DNA fragments representing 6.81% of the
C. ensifolium
mitochondrial genome. The homologous fragments of the mitochondrial genome and nuclear genome were also analysed. Comparative analysis showed that the GC content was conserved, but the size, structure, and gene content of the mitogenomes varied greatly among plants with multichromosomal mitogenome structure. Phylogenetic analysis based on the mitogenomes reflected the evolutionary and taxonomic statuses of
C. ensifolium
. Interestingly, compared with the mitogenomes of
Cymbidium lancifolium
Hook. and
Cymbidium macrorhizon
Lindl., the mitogenome of
C. ensifolium
lost 8 ribosomal protein-coding genes.
Conclusion
In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of
C. ensifolium
and compared it with the mitogenomes of other Liliidae and plants with multichromosomal mitogenome structures. Our findings enrich the mitochondrial genome database of orchid plants and reveal the rapid structural evolution of
Cymbidium
mitochondrial genomes, highlighting the potential for mitochondrial genes to help decipher plant evolutionary history.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
